论述分析
Discourse Analysis
一段谈话或“论述”(discourse) 是由许多“命题”(proposition) 所构成。“论述分析
”(discourse analysis) 就是分析这些命题之间的关系，目的是要明白作者的思路。
One speech or "discourse" is constituted by multiple "propositions." "Discourse
analysis" means an analysis of relationships between these propositions, and it
aims to realize the author's thinking.
命题 (proposition) ＝ 主词 (subject) + 述语 (predicate)
proposition = subject + predicate
何谓“命题”？命题是对一个人、事、物 (主词) 所作的陈述 (述语)。所以每个命题必
定有主词和述语两部分。例如，“亚伯拉罕”不是一个命题，因为我们不知道作者要说亚
伯拉罕什么；“亚伯拉罕相信神的应许”“亚伯拉罕生了以撒”“亚伯拉罕成为信心之父
”，每个都是一个命题，都对亚伯拉罕作了一个陈述。主词和述语都可以很复杂，例“以
色列的先祖亚伯拉罕到一百的时候才从妻子撒拉生了以撒”还是一个命题，它最基本的陈
述还是“亚伯拉罕生了以撒”，其他只是补充、澄清、修饰、润色这个基本陈述的。
What is "proposition"? A proposition is a statement (predicate) regarding a
person, thing, or object (subject). Hence, each proposition must have the two
parts: subject and predicate. For example, "Abreham" is not a proposition,
because we do not know what the author intends to convey about Abraham, while
each of "Abraham had faith in God's promises," "Abraham have birth to Isaac,"
"Abraham became the Father of Faith" is a proposition, a statement about
Abraham. Both subjects and predicates can be very complex. For example, "The
progenitor of Israel Abraham didn't gave birth to Isaac with his wife until
age 100" is still a proposition, but its most basic statement is still
"Abraham gave birth to Isaac," and other parts serve to supplement, clarify,
modify, and embellish the basic statement.
步骤一：分离命题 (Isolate the propositions)
所以论述分析首先要把每个命题分离出来。
Step 1: Isolate the propositions
So the first step of discourse analysis is to isolate each of the propositions.
步骤二：决定关系 (Determine the relationship)
命题分离出来后，我们要决定每个命题之间的关系。命题关系有两大类：平行关系或附属
关系。这两大类底下又可再分许多项目。
Step 2: Determine the relationships
After isolating the propositions, we would like to determine the relationships
between each proposition. There are two major categories of relationships
between propositions: coordinate relationships and subordinate relationships.
under these two major categories, they can still be subdivided two multiple
subcategories.
http://www.chioulaoshi.org/EXG/discourse.html