先讲结论
掉不掉肌肉，应该跟运动或重训量有关，而非吃的少(节食)或间歇性断食
节食跟间歇性断食都可算是一种caloric restriction的型态
只是断食强调空腹的时间要够长，而节食强调吃的量要减少
你可以在google scholar上search "caloric restriction muscle"就会得到很多资料
我看过的几乎都是肯定caloric restriction对人体的好处
当然我要强调，caloric restriction并非是malnutrition
仍然要吃营养新鲜的天然食物，even吃些健康辅助食品或维他命
先看这篇30年前的经典研究
Resistance weight training during caloric restriction enhances lean body
weight maintenance.
把40肥胖的女性分成4组，控制组、节食、节食加重训、重训
节食加重训这组，体脂降的跟节食组一样，但肌肉与力量跟重训组差不多
也就是说节食加重训，同时具备了减脂与增肌的效果。
这篇节食的方法是减少一千大卡的热量，原本平均约2200-2500大卡
当然同时还有补充蛋白质(>=1g/kg)与一些维他命 (可参考fitness讨论串)
2007年
Calorie Restriction Increases Muscle Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Healthy
Humans
36位 平均BMI28左右 37岁 实验6个月，分成三组
控制组
Control, 100% of energy requirements
节食组
CR, 25% caloric restriction
节食加重训
CREX, caloric restriction with exercise (CREX),12.5% CR + 12.5% increased
energy expenditure (EE)
Conclusions
The observed increase in muscle mitochondrial DNA in association with a
decrease in whole body oxygen consumption and DNA damage suggests that
caloric restriction improves mitochondrial function in young non-obese adults.
2010
Skeletal muscle autophagy and apoptosis during aging: Effects of calorie
restriction and life-long exercise
这篇属动物研究
We investigated the effect of age on autophagy and apoptosis in plantaris
muscle of male Fischer 344 rats that were either fed ad libitum, or mild,
life-long calorie restricted (CR) alone or combined with life-long voluntary
exercise.
结论
We conclude that mild CR attenuates the age-related impairment of autophagy
in rodent skeletal muscle, which might be one of the mechanisms by which CR
attenuates age-related cellular damage and cell death in skeletal muscle in
vivo.
2004动物研究
Aging and lifelong calorie restriction result in adaptations of skeletal
muscle apoptosis repressor, apoptosis-inducing factor, X-linked inhibitor of
apoptosis, caspase-3, and caspase-12
2012动物研究
Short-Term Calorie Restriction Enhances Skeletal Muscle Stem Cell Function
2004动物研究
Early-onset calorie restriction conserves fiber number in aging rat skeletal
muscle
也不少研究是提到节食对长寿的帮助
2006
Effect of 6-Month Calorie Restriction on Biomarkers of Longevity, Metabolic
Adaptation, and Oxidative Stress in Overweight Individuals
Objective
To examine the effects of 6 months of calorie restriction, with or
without exercise, in overweight, nonobese (body mass index, 25 to <30) men
and women.
healthy, sedentary men and women (N = 48)
4 groups for 6 months
control (weight maintenance diet)
calorie restriction (25% calorie restriction of baseline energy requirements)
calorie restriction with exercise (12.5% calorie restriction plus 12.5%
increase in energy expenditure by structured exercise)
very low-calorie diet (890 kcal/d until 15% weight
reduction, followed by a weight maintenance diet).
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that 2 biomarkers of longevity (fasting
insulin level and body temperature) are decreased by prolonged calorie
restriction in humans and support the theory that metabolic rate is reduced
beyond the level expected from reduced metabolic body mass. Studies of longer
duration are required to determine if calorie restriction attenuates the
aging process in humans.
2006
Effect of Calorie Restriction With or Without Exercise on Insulin
Sensitivity, β-Cell Function, Fat Cell Size, and Ectopic Lipid in Overweight
Subjects
CONCLUSIONS—Large adipocytes lead to lipid deposition in visceral and
hepatic tissues, promoting insulin resistance. Calorie restriction by diet
alone or with exercise reverses this trend.
以下这网页直接讨论
Calorie Restriction And Muscle Loss – True or not?
http://ivannikolov.com/blog/2012/12/27/calorie-restriction-and-muscle-loss/
https://www.reddit.com/r/AdvancedFitness/comments/3uw3v9/research_review_
3_is_it_possible_to_increase/
最后题一下，大家可以去研究看看节食的一些新的研究
我并不是去推广节食，但你认为节食就是会掉肌肉，节食就是错，那就观念有点旧了。