4. 黑龙江古人群与蒙古新石器
关于黑龙江古人群的基因类型，可以参考中国科学院发在Cell期刊上的论文
The deep population history of northern East Asia from the Late Pleistocene
to the Holocene
来源连结:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867421005754
这篇论文的大意，在于测了黑龙江流域距今 三万三千年~三千多年一连串古人遗骨的基因
探究北东亚/黑龙江古今人群的基因变化
The LGM stadial had a large effect on prehistoric population dynamics in
Europe (Fu et al., 2016; Tallavaara et al., 2015), however, little is known
about how the profound climatic changes of this period affected populations
in northern East Asia. Here we report genetic evidence from an East Asian
individual who lived during the LGM (26.5–19 ka), AR19K, which is critical
for understanding the population dynamics of northern East Asians at the end
of this harsh period. We first assessed AR19K using principal component
analysis (PCA) (Figure 1B) and outgroup-f3 analyses (Figure 1C), showing that
AR19K has more genetic affinities with later East Asians compared with the
earlier East Asians. The AR33K and Tianyuan individuals share a specific
genetic drift that is not shared by AR19K and younger East Asians, a
relationship supported by qpGraph modeling (Figure 3A) and Treemix (Figure
S3). These observations may suggest that a population change in northern East Asia
had already occurred at the end of the LGM.
大略翻译:
末次冰盛期(LGM；last glacier maximum)对欧洲史前人群的基因变化，产生了巨大的影响
(指冰盛期过后，欧洲古人在基因上几乎被新的人群替换掉)
但是，目前还很少知道，冰盛期对东亚古人群的影响
我们发现，黑龙江距今一万九千年前的古人，与现代东亚人基因更接近
而黑龙江三万三千年前古人与田园洞人(华北四万多年前古人)
共享一处基因突变，但这个基因突变不存在于现代东亚人群上
这可能暗示著，北东亚人群的变换(新的一支人群替换掉旧的人群)，
在末次冰河期后已经发生了