Re: [讨论] 会去莫名虐待别人的前世是阿修罗吗?

楼主: khara (高阳酒徒)   2024-03-14 18:20:56
※ 引述《purue (purue)》之铭言:
: 今天看到有小孩被虐死的新闻 感觉跟保姆妹妹都是共犯 感觉不可思议 心里问题应该不会
: 全家病态 以佛教观点会与前世有关吗?
:
与最近发生的令人哀伤的值得同情的事件无关,也与提振修养或行善无关,
但,想提提我个人对神话的理解。
与前世是否有关则我无神通,不之知。
但标题的阿修罗,窃以为引喻失义。
即使不承认有“阿修罗道”(只说五道轮回)的南传典籍中,
照样记载有阿修罗具备能与天人一战的能耐。
这样看来,佛教传承中,应该是继受自印度神话,
对阿修罗的描述也是既极有瞋心却又高贵的种族。
当然,夜叉或罗刹等鬼王究竟何属此处不予探究,
但把阿修罗单纯描述成鄙劣的虐待者,我以为似与典籍不甚合。
那么阿修罗该是什么样呢?
当然印度神话的阿修罗在网上介绍也多了,
佛教的也可以用电子版去搜(只是译音不定,有时候要换字)。
总之不像是能拿那种格局鄙下的状况去类比。
(或者像是普通的变态杀人犯之类的)
但我倒觉得,卡莱尔(Thomas Carlyle)的
《论历史上的英雄、英雄崇拜和英雄业绩》
(On Heroes, Hero Worship, and the Heroic in History)
当中两段对某些高贵的野蛮人的描述,
挺有“阿修罗味”的。
引述如下(译文采周祖达:北京商务印书馆)
************
当然,古代斯堪的那维亚人的那种勇敢是非常残暴的。斯诺罗指出,他们认为不在
战场上死去是一种耻辱和不幸;当自然死亡即将来临,他们就会在自己肉体上割出
许多伤痕,认为这样做,奥丁神就会把他们当作被杀的战士予以接纳。年老的国王
们快死的时候,就让人把他们的身体放在船上,将船扬帆起航,并燃起小火烧船;
等船一出海,就燃起熊熊大火,用这种方式为老英雄举行葬礼,顿时,在大海中升
天。这是野蛮的血腥的勇敢,然而它也是一种勇敢,我认为这比没有勇敢要好。在
古代海盗头目中,他们有一种不屈不挠的坚韧不拔的力量!我推想,他们双唇紧闭,
沉默不语,不觉得他们特别勇敢。可是,他们无视藏有可怕魔怪的狂暴海洋,也不
把所有人与物放在眼里,——他们不就是我们的布莱克(Robert Blake,1598-1657,
英国海军名将)和纳尔逊(Horatio Nelson,1758-1805,英国海军名将)的祖先吗!
古代北欧这些海盗头目,从未受过荷马史诗的歌颂,但是,阿伽门农(希腊神话中一
迈锡尼国王,在特洛伊战争中极勇猛)的勇敢,与他们中的某些头目,——例如诺
曼底的赫罗尔夫(Hrólfr,约860-930,诺曼底公国的创建者)相比,不过是一种
小小的鲁莽活动,微不足道!赫罗尔夫,即诺曼底的罗洛公爵,是一个粗野的海盗
头目,至今在英格兰的统治中仍有他的影响。
It is doubtless very savage that kind of valour of the old Northmen.
Snorro tells us they thought it a shame and misery not to die in battle;
and ifnatural death seemed to be coming on, they would cut wounds in their
flesh, that Odin might receive them as warriors slain. Old kings, about
to die, had their body laid into a ship; the ship sent forth, with sails
set and slow fire burning it; that, once out at sea, it might blaze up
in flame, and in such manner bury worthily the old hero, at once in the
sky and in the ocean! Wild bloody valour; yet valour of its kind; better,
I say, than none. In the old Seakings too, what an indomitable rugged energy!
Silent, with closed lips, as I fancy them, unconscious that they were
specially brave; defying the wild ocean with its monsters, and all men and
things;—progenitors of our own Blakes and Nelsons. No Homer sang these
Norse Sea-kings; but Agamemnon’s was a small audacity, and of small fruit
in the world, to some of them;—to Hrolf ’s of Normandy, for instance!
Hrolf, or Rollo Duke of Normandy, the wild Sea-king, has a share
in governing England at this hour.
粗犷的贝都因人(badū,一支阿拉伯游牧民族),欢迎陌生人到他的帐篷里作客,
就好像陌生人完全有权享受那里的一切;即使是其最仇恨的敌人,也会宰马驹款
待,按照教规热情招待三天,就正正派派地送他一程;——然后,又按照另一神
圣的教规,尽可能将他杀死。
The wild Bedouin welcomes the stranger to his tent, as one having right
to all that is there; were it his worst enemy, he will slay his foal to
treat him, will serve him with sacred hospitality for three days, will
set him fairly on his way;—and then, by another law as sacred, kill
him if he can.
************
这样一种兼具高贵与残酷的种族,才比较像阿修罗吧?而不是只会虐待弱小者。
作者: restinpeace (二郎)   2024-03-14 22:30:00
南传没有不承认阿修罗道,而是认为阿修罗五趣当中都有,汉传也同意这种看法。夜叉梵文原意就是指“可受或是应供奉者”并没有指陈一定特定对象。供奉也未必是因为德行,多数都是惹不起所以跪舔。法句经中黑夜叉母故事就是这样,原本互相有仇,后来夜叉答应常驻家中受供养,并用预言农收灾厄为报。久而久之,一家之神变成一村之神。也因此在忧婆塞戒经中,佛陀说因为性命攸关而礼拜鬼神不坏三皈

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