课程名称︰英语语音学一
课程性质︰选修
课程教师︰史嘉琳
开课学院：文学院
开课系所︰外文系
考试日期（年月日）︰2014/11/19
考试时限（分钟）：50mins
试题 :
I. Short answer questions: Give short and precise answers to the following
items.
1. (a) What is a citation form? (6%)
(b) What does the term “citation form” contrast with? (6%)
(c) What is the danger of learning only citation forms when learning a new
language? (8%)
2. (a) Explain what a phoneme is. (8%)
(b) Explain what an allophone is, and give an example of a phoneme and two
of its allophones. Describe the circumstances that condition each
allophone. (10%)
3. Give an example of a minimal set containing three items, including both
spelling and IPA forms. (6%)
4. What is a broad transcription, and for what purposes is it best suited?
(8%)
5. What is a narrow transcription, and for what purposes is it most useful?
(8%)
6. Why is a phonemic transcription of English usually quite different from
regular English spelling? (8%)
7. Give two examples of RP diphthongs not found in US English, and an example
word for each. (8%)
8. What is a “schwa,” what is its place of articulation, and where does it
typically occur in an English word or sentence? (8%)
9. Why do many speakers in the Western and other parts of the US and Canada
not need to use the symbol [ɔ]? (8%)
10. Describe two main differences between the pronunciation of white shoes
and why choose. (8%)
II. Dictation. (100%)