课程名称︰经济学原理与实习上
课程性质︰必修/通识A5*
课程教师︰骆明庆
开课学院：社会科学院
开课系所︰经济学系
考试日期（年月日）︰95.01.09
考试时限（分钟）：110
是否需发放奖励金：是
（如未明确表示，则不予发放）
试题 :
经济学原理一期末考 请在答案卷上清楚地标明题号。
一、选择题, 回答正确选项即可, 不需说明。 每题2分, 共30分。
1. Imagine a 2,000-acre park with picnic benches, trees, and a pond. Suppose it
is publicly owned, and people are invited to enjoy its beauty. Of course,
when the weather is nice, it is difficult to find parking, and the trash
cans overflow with food wrappers on summer afternoons. Otherwise, it is a
great place. The park is a common good because
(a) when trash cans overflow, a negative externality becomes a positive
externality.
(b) it is not fenced to control access.
(c) if too many people use it, one person’s use can prevent others from using
it.
(d) you have to drive to get there and the automobile is a private good.
2.If either supply or demand is perfectly inelastic, then the deadweight
social loss from a tax is
(a) infinite.
(b) large.
(c) small.
(d) zero.
3. Horizontal equity in taxation refers to the idea that people
(a) in unequal conditions should be treated differently.
(b) in equal conditions should pay equal taxes.
(c) should be taxed according to their ability to pay.
(d) should receive government benefits according to how much they have been
taxed.
4. Smith Tire Co. has total fixed costs of $100,000 per year. The firm’s
average variable costis $80 for 10,000 tires. At that level of output,
the firm’s average total costs equal
(a) $90. (b)$100. (c) $110. (d) $120.
5. Joe’s Garage operates in a perfectly competitive market. At the point where
marginal cost equals marginal revenue, ATC = $20, AVC = $15, and the price
per unit is $10. In this situation,
(a) Joe’s Garage will break even.
(b) Joe’s Garage will shut down immediately.
(c) Joe’s will lose money in the short run, but stay in business.
(d) the market price will fall in the short run.
6. In the prisoner’s dilemma,
(a) the prisoners easily collude in order to achieve the best possible payoff
for both.
(b) only one player has a dominant strategy.
(c) playing the dominant strategy leads to a better payoff for one prisoner
than would jointly selecting a different strategy.
(d) each player has a dominant strategy.
7. Cecilia’s Cafe is a monopolistic competitor. If Cecilia’s is currently
producing at the output level where her average total cost is minimized and
the cafe is earning economic profits, then in the long run output will
(a) decrease and average total cost will increase.
(b) decrease and average total cost will decrease.
(c) remain unchanged as Cecilia’s is doing the best it can.
(d) increase and average total costs will decrease.
8. Suppose potatoes were produced in Canada by many, many firms in perfect
competition. In Belgium, only one firm produces potatoes for the Belgium
market. Suppose further that for the competitive firms and the monopoly
minimum ATC is the same. We would expect that in Belgium the price of
potatoes is ______ and ______ potatoes are produced and sold than in Canada.
(a) higher; more
(b) lower; more
(c) higher; fewer
(d) lower; fewer
9. Most markets are not monopolies in the real world because
(a) firms usually face downward-sloping demand curves.
(b) supply curves slope upward.
(c) there are reasonable substitutes for most goods.
(d) price is usually set equal to marginal cost by firms.
10. Which of the following would make cheating on a collusive agreement more
likely?
(a) Greater ease of observing other firms’ prices.
(b) A reduction in the number of sellers in the market.
(c) A greater resulting impact on the market price.
(d) More frequent shifts in market demand.
11. Working in a slaughterhouse is much riskier than working in a bookstore.
As a result, we’d expect a difference in wages between the two jobs, which
is known as
(a) an efficiency wage.
(b) a wage adjustment.
(c) a minimum wage.
(d) a compensating differential.
12. The time spent by students in college
(a) is an investment in human capital.
(b) leads to lower lifetime earnings because opportunity costs are high.
(c) decreases human capital by lowering work experience.
(d) increases as the low-skilled wage rate rises.
13. What two main factors have raised U.S. income inequality recently?
(a) technical change and increased labor union membership
(b) increased labor union membership and higher tax rates
(c) technical change and expanded international trade
(d) lower tax rates and expanded international trade
14. The fact that movie star Julia Roberts’ salary is much higher than the
salary earned by a Nobel prize winning economics professor can best be
explained by the
(a) failure of the market to reward talent fairly.
(b) fact that wage rates cannot reflect the influence of education properly.
(c) willingness of some people to accept a lower wage rate in order to do what
they like most to do.
(d) superstar phenomenon.
15. The philosopher John Rawls argued that
(a) people would choose income equality if they had to determine an economic
distribution system before knowing their place in it.
(b) people would choose income inequality to allow the maximum use of their
individual talents.
(c) government has a role to ensure income equality to prevent social unrest.
(d) people would choose income equality because it is morally right.
二、 非选择题, 共70分。
答题时请务必简洁, 并适当说明你的想法,
计算题请说明推理过程, 答案内容以能让阅卷人了解为原则。
1. (15%) 简答下列问题。
(a) (5%)
宜兰县五结乡公所为了鼓励乡民守时的观念, 推行结婚喜宴准时开桌就送现金三至五千元
的活动。 请由囚犯难题的角度, 分析为什么喜宴延迟开桌是一个 Nash 均衡。
(b) (5%)
根据劳委会的调查, 2003年依行业区分的初任人员每月平均经常性薪资, 以水电燃气业的
38,488元最高, 次高的金融保险业则只有28,935元, 再次之的医疗保健服务业也只有
25,235元, 请说明为什么水电燃气业的薪资何以能够高出金融保险业达33%。
(c) (5%)
请说明什么是国民教育阶段的“教育卷”(school vouchers)?
“教育卷”为什么会有提升教育品质的效果?
2. (15%) 若个别厂商生产稻米之总成本函数 (total cost) 为TC = 0.2q^2 + 5 ，
其中q为别厂商的产量。
(a) (4%)
短期时, 厂商之平均成本 (AC) 和边际成本 (MC) 各是什么?
(b) (3%)
假设稻米市场为一完全竞争市场, 现在共有1840 家完全相同厂商,则市场的供给函数为何?
(c) (3%)
若市场的总需求是Q=4800-200P,则市场的均衡价格和交易量是多少?个别厂商的利润为多少?
(d) (5%)
短期时如果有亏损存在,将导致厂商退出稻米市场。请问稻米的长期均衡价格和交易量为何?
每家厂商的利润为何? 每家厂商的产量为何? 几家厂商退出? 还有几家厂商?
3. (20%)
假设A、C两国都只生产同一产品，其生产函数均为Q=6‧K‧(L^0.5)，因此劳动边际产量
MPL = 3K/(L^0.5)。假设两国的劳动供给无弹性，任何工资之下两国都各有100和900个劳
工想工作，产品的价格P均为1元。此外，两国的生产均为完全竞争市场，A、C两国的资本
总量K分别为 200、100。 请问:
(a) (5%)
A、C 两国劳工的工资WA与WC各为多少? WA/WC =?(即WA 为WC 的几倍？)
(b) (5%)
如果 A、C 两国打开边界, 使劳工可以自由移动, 假设移动成本为零, 请问劳工将由 A 国
移向 C 国, 还是由 C 国移向 A 国?
(c) (5%)
承上, 劳工自由移动后,A、C 两国最终将各有多少劳工, 工资各为多少? WA/WC =?
(2^0.5 = 1.41)
(d) (5%)
假设由于某种原因, 使得 C 国的资本总量增为200, 劳工仍然可以自由移动, 此时两国
将各有多少劳工, 工资各为多少? ( 5^0.5 = 2.24)
4. (20%)
时光倒流至民国70年代, 烟酒公卖局为啤酒市场之独占厂商, 假设当时台湾啤酒市场
需求为D=100-2P, 公卖局由埔里酒厂生产并供应全台湾啤酒市场, 该酒厂之总成本函数为
TC(Q) = 500 + 0.125Q^2, 因此边际成本为MC(Q) = 0.25Q, 除此之外并无其他开销。
(a) (6%)
公卖局极大化利润之下,将生产多少瓶啤酒供应全台市场?每瓶市价多少?公卖局利润多少?
(b) (6%)
承上, 公卖局为拓展海外啤酒市场, 将目标瞄准美国。 然而美国啤酒市场需求虽大,
但在众多厂商高度竞争下已成完全竞争市场, 当地啤酒售价每瓶20元。在加入美国市场考
量下, 公卖局为追求最大利润, 将分别供应台湾及美国市场各多少瓶啤酒?
在两地之售价分别为何?(提示: 在台湾的售价较高。)
(c) (2%)
承上, 公卖局利润为何? 较拓展美国市场前增加多少?
(d) (6%)
承上, 若公卖局因啤酒在美国售价较台湾售价便宜许多而遭美国当地厂商控诉倾销,
美国政府随后依“特别301”条款禁止台湾啤酒进口。 在失去海外商机后, 公卖局全力经
营台湾市场, 假设本土啤酒市场需求已扩张为原先两倍, 即 D = 200-4P, 公卖局另增设
台北酒厂以为因应, 该厂除$700之固定成本外, 生产每瓶啤酒另需$10之原料成本, 此外
并无其他开销。
试问在追求利润最大之考量下,公卖局将分别由埔里、台北两酒厂生产多少瓶啤酒?
每瓶售价为何? 公卖局总利润为何?
(提示:独占厂商面对单一市场但拥有两个生产工厂时,会调配生产使两厂的边际成本相等)