https://reurl.cc/d5OKm2
https://apkmetro.com/how-a-fortunate-few-airlines-profit-in-a-pandemic-lots-of-cargo/
How a Fortunate Few Airlines Profit in a Pandemic: Lots of Cargo
The one main airways making a living lately are busy flying cargo, not
passengers.
Of the world’s 30 largest airways by income, simply 4 reported earnings for
the April-June quarter, in keeping with a WSJ evaluation. They’re all
primarily based in export-heavy South Korea or Taiwan, benefiting from the
surge in demand for tech parts and digital devices as extra folks do business
from home, and for private protecting tools, a lot of it produced in Asia.
Persevering with demand for vehicle elements and different Asia-made items
has additionally helped.
国际上 30 大营收的航空公司只有四家 Q2 报告收益，而且他们都是以出口为主的韩国及
台湾。主要是因应在家上班所需要的科技及数位需求及有一些保护的工具都产自亚洲。
The evaluation excluded some main carriers that didn’t report latest
quarterly earnings.
Industrywide cargo income is predicted to succeed in about $111 billion this
12 months, in keeping with the commerce group Worldwide Air Transport
Affiliation. That’s solely a slight uptick from its pre-pandemic forecast,
however the plunge in passenger income—IATA has slashed its 2020 forecast to
$241 billion from an preliminary $581 billion—means cargo’s contribution
would characterize greater than 1 / 4 of complete trade income, in contrast
with the standard eighth.
IATA 预计 2020 年货运会从本来只占 1/8 的比例变成超过 1/4。
原本预估是 5810 亿结果现在看起来可能只有 2410 亿 (货运占 1110 亿)
For the 4 airways that confirmed a revenue within the newest quarter— Korean
Air Lines Co., Asiana Airlines Inc., China Airlines Ltd. and EVA Airways
Corp. —cargo’s share of income ranged from 72% at Korean Air to 93% at
China Airlines, in contrast with not more than a 3rd final 12 months.
货运占营收比重从大韩的 72% 到华航的 93%，跟过去十二个月比较可能只有 1/3。
大韩 (72%)-韩亚/长荣 (?%)-华航 (93%)。
When the pandemic hit, it worn out some 40% of the world’s capability for
air cargo carried within the bellies of passenger planes, in keeping with the
commerce group IATA. Loads of airways seemed to fill the hole and increase
cargo capability because the pandemic triggered mass layoffs and widespread
flight cancellations and led governments to supply greater than $120 billion
in assist. They’re utilizing passenger planes for cargo operations briefly,
stashing freight in overhead bins and buckling it into seats or eradicating
seats altogether. Vacationers aren’t allowed aboard with cargo within the
cabin.
大流行突如其来造成了全球约 40% 的空运量因客机停飞而消失。许多航空公司尽可能的
提升自身的货运运输能力来弥补亏损，除了资遣员工跟接受国家资助外，也尽可能让客机
载货，包括把货物绑在座位上或者是直接拆座位。而有客舱内载运货的客机不能同时间有
乘客。
The 4 carriers that confirmed earnings loved positive aspects as a result of
they already had sizable cargo fleets. The revenue increase got here from the
low provide of world airfreight capability that despatched the price of
delivery items on widespread routes from Asia to the U.S. or Europe hovering;
they’ve elevated much less going the opposite approach. IATA’s newest
figures present capability nonetheless a couple of third beneath final 12
months’s ranges.
这四间有确认收益的航空公司本身就有一定数量的货机。营收增加主要还是从亚洲到欧美
的货运空间急速下降造成价格上涨 (反向则没有涨太多)。
Charges have fallen from latest highs, in keeping with TAC Index, a market
researcher, and trade analysts say they need to decline additional later this
12 months—although demand for delivery Covid-19 vaccines may disrupt that.
Seoul-based Korean Air just lately eliminated passenger seats on two planes
and has plans to quickly modify two extra, mentioned Eum Jae-dong, the
pinnacle of the airline’s cargo enterprise division. One surprising profit:
Regulators nonetheless deal with them as passenger flights, which means items
can now fly to sure cities, like Yangon, Myanmar, beforehand tough to succeed
in for cargo fleets.
大韩近期才将两架客机的座位全数拆除，也计画再拆两架客机的座位。有趣的是，监管
者还是把这些拆除座位的客机当成是客机，所以有些本来不适合用货机飞的航点，像是
仰光，现在就可以直接用客机载货过去。
“They will fly into airports and different locations the place cargo plane
couldn’t go due to airport situations or the dearth of operational tools,”
Mr. Eum mentioned.
有些航点本身不具备让一般货机起降的要素或者是没有足够的器具可以营运就可以使用
客机直接载运货过去。
However their benefit can be their limitation. Underneath aviation
guidelines, a modified passenger airplane can’t make a number of stops as an
airfreight airplane, in keeping with Kim Yu-hyuk, an analyst at Hanwha
{Investment} & Securities Co. in Seoul. They will make solely spherical
journeys, as they sometimes would whereas carrying passengers.
当然客机有客机本身的限制，包括他没有办法起降多个航点。
通常客机只能来回载运货物，然后顺便载一些客人。
Routes for airfreight carriers from South Korea and Taiwan sometimes start
with transporting regionally made high-value digital parts to China or
Southeast Asia. There, the parts are dropped off and the airplane picks up
completed merchandise to fly to Europe or North America. On the way in which
again residence, the planes typically carry recent meals and prescribed drugs.
韩国跟台湾的航空业走的运输模式是先将高价位的产品或半成品在区内运送，运输模式可
能是东南亚往返中国。然后完成的产品在飞去欧美。那从欧美回来的产品可能是一些处方
签的药物或者是一些有保存期限的食物等等。
运输模式：东南亚/中国 (高科技产品) <-韩国/台湾-> 欧洲/北美 (食物/药物)
U.S. airways, regardless of having the federal authority to take action,
largely haven’t eliminated seats to fly extra cargo, partly as a result of
most flights are home, utilizing narrower-body planes that lack vital cargo
capability, trade consultants say.
那美国的航空公司除了有许多法规需要通过才能够以客机当货机飞的问题外，比较大的问
题其实是因为主要还是营运国内线，使用的飞机都是小飞机，能够载运的货物十分有限，
所以也没有去积极的拆座位。
Nonetheless, U.S. carriers began cargo-only flights utilizing simply the
bellies of their planes firstly of the pandemic and have now flown hundreds
of them—1,200 since February for Delta Air Lines Inc. alone, which now
averages about 50 every week, a spokesman mentioned. The airline did take
away seats from one Boeing 777-200ER, boosting its cargo capability by 35%.
The airplane was first used on Sept. 11 for a cargo constitution flight
between Mumbai and New York. Delta, which is retiring its 777 fleet, has no
present plans to reconfigure extra planes, the spokesman mentioned.
不过美国业者还是有开始在用他们客机的货舱开始载运，其中达美有拆了一架 777-200ER
的座位，让该机型的货运乘载量上升 35% (9/11 开始营运 纽约-孟买)。
Seats have additionally come out at Air Canada —on three 777-300ERs—and
European carriers reminiscent of International Consolidated Airlines Group SA
’s British Airways and Deutsche Lufthansa AG. China Southern Airways Co.
reconfigured two Airbus A330 passenger planes. Dubai-based Emirates, which
has one of many world’s largest air-cargo fleets, has ripped out economic
system seats on 10 passenger jets since June.
其他航空公司也有开始在拆座位，包括加航拆了三架 777-300ER、南航拆了两架 A330、
阿联酋则是从六月起开始拆了十架。
“The airline trade remains to be bleeding money by the billions every month,
” mentioned Tim Clark, president of privately held Emirates, in a written
assertion. “We’re taking child steps on the trail to restoration.”
The shift to cargo is a stopgap measure, say aviation consultants. “The core
competency for passenger airways is to serve passengers,” mentioned Bijan
Vasigh, of Embry-Riddle Aeronautical College in Daytona, Fla., who focuses on
airline economics. However about three billion fewer passengers are
anticipated to fly this 12 months than final, with airways decreasing out
there seats by about half—by about two-thirds on worldwide routes—in
keeping with the U.N.-affiliated Worldwide Civil Aviation Group.
主要营运客运的航空公司当然还是要服务客人才能正常营运，但是预计今年的这 12 个月
约少了近 30 亿的旅客人次，所以以客运为主的航空公司每个月都还在烧钱。
像航空业每个月都要失血约几十亿，但能恢复的状况就跟小孩在学走路一样，十分有限。
In the meantime, for the April-June quarter Korean Air reported an working
revenue of $90 million, hometown rival Asiana Airways $19 million, Taiwan’s
EVA Airways $6 million and China Airways, additionally from Taiwan, $92
million—greater than 4 instances what it had earned a 12 months earlier.
在这期间，以四到六月 (Q2) 的营收报告来看，大韩 9000 万、韩亚 1900 万、长荣 600
万、华航 9200 万，四家刚好都比去年同期营收还要来的高。
This month, Korean Air deployed its first modified Boeing 777-300ER;
eradicating most of its 291 cabin seats added 10.eight tons of capability to
its earlier restrict of 22 tons, the airline mentioned. The newly cleared
cabin and stomach have been filled with bins of vehicle elements, clothes and
electronics gadgets.
这个月韩航开始营运他第一架拆座位的 777-300ER，增加了约 10 吨的乘载力。
“South Korean carriers have a geographical benefit being plugged right into
a location that produces items,” mentioned Mr. Kim, the Hanwha analyst. “
The identical applies to Taiwanese carriers.”
韩国航空业有着地理上的优势且也是主要出口的国家，而台湾航空业也是。
随便翻翻，WSJ 的文章在 PAYWALL 后面所以找了这篇。
※ 引述《Midiya (还是当学生好啊... (茶))》之铭言：
: [媒体名称] 中时 [新闻日期] 2020/10/28
: [网址] https://tinyurl.com/y3qpgnqh
: [内文]
: 新冠疫情重创全球各航空公司，但全球30大航空公司中，只有4家航空公司赚钱，其中台
: 湾就占了一半，主要是半导体是台湾主力产业，在半导体等电子零组件多用空运下，不管
: 是华为的急单，或是苹果新机大量出货，都让已经吃紧的空运市场，顿时热了起来，特别
: 是华为拉货效应上，更是让有主场优势的华航、长荣靠着两岸货运大赚，扭转惨赔厄运（
: 注，华航Q2税前赚21.3亿元，长荣Q2亏6.24亿，但货运营收却大幅成长137％，致亏损缩
: 小）。
: 中美贸易战引发一波拉货潮，航空承揽龙头中菲行分析，不管是华为急单，或是苹果新机
: 大量出货，都让已吃紧的空运市场，面临更无舱可用压力，尤其华为、苹果“都是整架飞
: 机包起来”，且不惜成本，其他厂商想把货塞上飞机，自然就得掏更多钱。
: 这波航空运价涨幅有多夸张？以远东到北美线为例，疫情前每公斤约100元，有时候甚至
: 跌到7、80元，疫情最剧的5月间，竟飙出500元的历史天价，让业界看傻了眼，之后虽一
: 度滑落至200元，如今又涨回350元附近。
: 中菲行解释，这波航空运价一路飙涨，主要是宅经济与资通产品需求升温、厂商订单增加
: ，但市场货机运能有限，逼不得已动用客机载货，不过用客机载货，运费至少得摊平没载
: 客损失，自然居高不下，更让华航、长荣航业绩获得一定支撑。
: 空运运能吃紧，海运也差不多。原本因为疫情影响，贸易需求降温，各海运业者只得缩舱
: 以力保运价，没想到5月后复工后，防疫物资、居家办公、工厂复工、跨境电商及旺季补
: 货潮全挤在一起，如今是缺舱又缺柜。
: 尽管海运运价涨幅，没有空运那么夸张，但也较疫情发生前涨了1倍，海运业者更乐观认
: 为，由于疫情短期内无解，且有再起趋势，全球海运市场缺柜将延续到明年农历年前，且
: 若还有防疫物资补给，货多到根本载不完。
: [心得]
: 新闻第一段"全球30大航空只有四间赚钱"的资料不知道哪里来的，请问有人可以提供吗?
: 版上前面也有文章讨论"国泰惨兮兮 为何长荣华航还增班"，
: 总结来看，应该是因为客机占整体的比例+所在地的货物空运需求是影响主因，
: 不知道我这样理解对吗....?