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Crash statistics show no added risk for convertibles
Convertibles may not look as safe as other vehicles when they’re cruising
down the highway with the top down, but crash statistics tell a different
story, a new IIHS study shows.
IIHS 的新研究表明，虽然看起来敞篷车收起顶篷时在高速公路上行驶似乎安全
性不如其他车辆，但碰撞统计数据有不同结论。
Despite the relatively flimsy appearance of their roof structures, late-model
convertibles are no riskier than nonconvertibles, according to the analysis
of crash and fatality rates.
根据车祸和死亡率的分析，尽管顶篷结构的外观相对脆弱，但是新款的敞篷车
并没有比非敞篷车的风险更高。
In fact, both crash rates and driver death rates were lower for convertibles
than for nonconvertible versions of the same cars. However, the differences
in driver death rates weren’t statistically significant.
事实上，敞篷车的事故发生率和驾驶死亡率均低于同一款车型的非敞篷版，只
不过，驾驶员死亡率在统计学上并没有显著的差异。
“These findings don’t suggest that convertibles offer better protection for
their occupants than other cars, but they do indicate there’s no statistical
basis for concerns that the lack of a permanent roof makes them more
dangerous,” said Eric Teoh, IIHS director of statistical services, who wrote
the paper.
撰写这篇论文的IIHS 统计主管Eric Teoh 表示："这些发现并不表示敞篷车为
乘客提供了比其他车更好的保护，但它们确实表明没有永久性车顶会更加危险
的这种疑虑没有统计依据"。
Teoh compared the rates of driver deaths and police-reported crashes per
miles traveled for convertible and nonconvertible versions of 1-5-year-old
models during 2014-18. He also compared the circumstances and driver
behaviors associated with the fatal crashes, looking at factors like point of
impact and whether the driver was ejected from the vehicle, as well as
impairment and seat belt use.
Teoh 比较了2014-18年间车龄1-5年之间的敞篷版和非敞篷版车辆的驾驶死亡率
以及警方报告的每英里事故发生率，同时还比较了致死事故发生时的相关环境
和驾驶行为，研究了诸如撞击点、驾驶是否被抛出车外、是否受到伤害以及是
否使用安全带等因素。
Data on drivers killed in crashes came from the Fatality Analysis Reporting
System maintained by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
(NHTSA). Information about the number of police-reported crashes was from the
National Automotive Sampling System General Estimates System and the Crash
Report Sampling System that replaced it in 2016, also maintained by NHTSA.
事故驾驶死亡率数据来自NHTSA 维护的致死事故分析报告系统。
Teoh found that convertibles were involved in 6 percent fewer police-reported
crashes per miles traveled than their conventional counterparts. Driver death
rates were 11 percent lower. However, the likelihood that the driver was
ejected from the vehicle in the event of a fatal crash was higher for
convertibles than conventional versions.
Teoh 发现，与传统非敞篷的轿跑版相比，警方报告的敞篷车每行驶1英里的事
故发生率减少了6%，驾驶死亡率降低了11%。但是，敞篷车发生致死事故时驾驶
被抛出车外的可能性更高。
Previous research has shown that for conventional cars a stronger roof
reduces the risk of a serious or fatal injury as well as the likelihood of
ejection in the event of a rollover crash. IIHS added a roof-strength
evaluation to its crashworthiness testing program in 2009, making a good
rating a requirement for the TOP SAFETY PICK award a year later.
之前的研究表明，传统汽车有更坚固的车顶，可以降低发生严重伤害或致死伤
害的风险，同时在发生侧翻事故时减少被抛出车外的可能性。2009年，IIHS 碰
撞测试程序中增加了一项车顶强度的评估，2010年开始也成为获得TOP SAFETY PICK
评价的必要条件。
Both stretched-fabric and retractable-hardtop convertibles are exempt from
NHTSA’s current roof-crush resistance requirements. However, some
manufacturers have voluntarily strengthened the A-pillars on either side of
the windshield and installed roll bars to provide additional protection in
rollover crashes.
软顶敞篷车以及可伸缩硬顶敞篷车均不满足NHTSA 当前对车顶抗压性的要求。
但是，一些汽车制造商自愿加强了挡风玻璃两侧的A柱，并安装了侧倾杆，从而
在侧翻碰撞中提供额外的保护。
When IIHS evaluated a group of midsize convertibles in 2007, most of the 10
models earned good or acceptable ratings in the front and side crash tests,
though eight had poor or marginal head restraints. Since then, convertibles
have remained a low priority for the testing program due to their small sales
volumes.
2007年，IIHS 曾经对一组中型敞篷车进行评估，尽管10款测试车型中有8款的
头部安全保护获得差(Poor) 或及格(Marginal) 的评价，但前方和侧面碰撞测
试中，大多数车型都获得了良好(Good) 或可接受(Acceptable) 的评价。但从
那至今，由于销量极小，敞篷车的测试计划仍然不被重视。
This year, the IIHS-affiliated Highway Loss Data Institute also compared
insurance claims data for vehicles available in both convertible and
nonconvertible versions, finding that the convertibles had lower injury rates
and collision claim rates.
今年，IIHS 下属的公路损失数据研究所还比较了敞篷版和非敞篷版的车辆保险
索赔数据，发现敞篷版的受伤率和碰撞索赔率更低。
Teoh found little difference in most of the circumstances of the fatal
crashes for convertible and nonconvertible vehicles. In both cases, around a
quarter of the fatalities occurred in rollover crashes, about half occurred
in single-vehicle crashes, roughly 60 percent resulted from front-impact
crashes, and about 20 percent from side-impact crashes.
Teoh 发现，大多数情况下敞篷版和非敞篷版发生的致死事故仅有些许不同，两
类案例之中，大约四分之一的致死事故出现在侧翻事故中，大约一半的致死事
故发生在自行车事故中，大约60%发生在正面碰撞事故中，大约20%发生在侧面碰
撞事故中。
However, 21 percent of the convertible drivers killed in crashes were ejected
from the vehicle, compared with 17 percent for conventional cars. Among
rollover crashes, the likelihood of ejection was 43 percent for convertibles
versus 35 percent for their nonconvertible counterparts.
然而，致死事故中死亡的敞篷车驾驶有21%被抛出车外，而非敞篷版则为17%，
而在侧翻事故中，死亡的敞篷车驾驶员被抛出车外为43%，非敞篷版为35%。
Convertible drivers were slightly more likely to be wearing seat belts and
slightly less likely to be speeding, though they were a bit more likely to be
impaired by alcohol. These differences were too small to suggest a big
variation in driver behavior for the two vehicle types.
尽管敞篷车驾驶更容易酒驾，但他们系上安全带的比例更高，同时超速行驶的
可能性也更小。不过，这些差异性太小，不足以表明两种车辆类型的驾驶行为
有很大差异。
Teoh wasn’t able to account for all possible differences in the way
convertibles are driven, even when comparing to the nonconvertible version of
the same car. For example, it may be that convertible owners more often drive
them in nice weather or on less busy roads, and that could affect crash rates.
即使与同一款车的非敞篷版相比，Teoh 也无法解释敞篷车驾驶方式的所有可能
差异，举例来说，敞篷车车主可能更经常在天气晴朗或不拥堵的道路上开车，
而这可能会影响到事故发生率。
“Based on this study, convertibles don’t appear to pose a particular safety
risk,” Teoh said. “If you’re shopping for a convertible, you should
consider crash test ratings and safety features, just as you would if you
were shopping for any other car.”
根据这项研究，敞篷车似乎没有特别的安全风险。如果要购买敞篷车，只需要
考虑碰撞测试评价等级和安全功能，就像购买其他任何汽车一样。
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