本文内容包括
1. 美国信评机构认为Tesla债券是垃圾等级
2. 全球主要车厂信评等级总览
等级排名
Toyota信评 > Honda = BMW > 奔驰 = Nissan > VAG > Ford > PSA >>> Tesla
(图) 标准普尔S&P说，Tesla债券是"B-"垃圾等级，未来展望负向，并不看好。
http://i.imgur.com/xLX3ziJ.jpg
☆☆本文PTT网页图文版，全球车厂信评等级一览 ☆☆
https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/car/M.1502188397.A.514.html
[路透社] Tesla要发行15亿美元的垃圾债券，以筹措生产Model 3所需资金
Tesla seeks $1.5 billion junk bond issue to fund Model 3 production
https://goo.gl/PeCmDD
Tesla将发行垃圾债券，金额15亿美元，以筹措Model 3的生产资金。
Tesla Inc said on Monday it would raise about $1.5 billion through
its first-ever offering of junk bonds as the U.S. luxury electric car maker
seeks fresh sources of cash to ramp up production of its new Model 3 sedan.
Tesla债券，S&P标准普尔给了"B-"“垃圾债券等级”的低信评，
并再度重申Tesla未来的负向展望。
如果未来Model 3生产进度发生问题，或是Model S 及 X的生产开销费用超支的话，
S&P可能还会再调降Tesla信评等级。
Moody穆迪给Tesla债券B3等级信评 (也是垃圾等级)，对Tesla的未来展望则评为“稳定
”。
Following the announcement, Standard & Poor's reaffirmed its negative outlook
for the automaker and assigned a "B-" rating for the bond issue - deep into
junk credit territory. S&P also maintained its "B-" long-term corporate credit
rating on Tesla.
"We could lower our ratings on Tesla if execution issues related to the
Model 3 launch later this year or the ongoing expansion of its Models S and X
production lead to significant cost overruns," S&P said in a statement on the
bonds.
Moody's assigned a junk "B3" rating to the bond issue and said the company's
rating outlook was stable.
同场加映
◇Toyota , Honda, 奔驰, BMW, Volkswagen, Ford的信评一览表
S&P Moody
Toyota AA- Aa3
Honda A+ A1
Nissan A A2
奔驰 A A2
BMW A+ A1
VAG BBB+ A3
PSA BB Ba1
Ford BBB Baa2
Tesla B- B3
等级排名
Toyota信评 > Honda = BMW > 奔驰 = Nissan > VAG > Ford > PSA >>> Tesla
目前，标准普尔给Toyota AA- 高等级信评，
穆迪给Toyota Aa3 高等级信评。
AA+~AA- / Aa1~Aa3，这些都是属于第二高投资等级High grade的好债券，
投资价值仅次于Prime最高等级。
(图) 全球三大信评机构对Toyota长期债券的评价等级，Toyota是全球车界最高的。
https://i.imgtc.com/FS7lkBj.jpg
(source: Toyota, https://goo.gl/TkRGgT )
(图) Honda长期信评是车界第二，S&P A+级，Moody A1级，未来展望都是负向。
https://i.imgtc.com/X1rNPP4.jpg
目前Honda信评属于第三高投资等级Upper medium grade。
(图) Nissan信评，S&P A级，Moody A2级，跟奔驰同级。
https://i.imgtc.com/JCPIxaj.jpg
(图) 奔驰信评，S&P A级，Moody A2级
http://i.imgur.com/nL9E9wP.jpg
(source: Daimler, https://goo.gl/6WkyUa )
(图) BMW信评排车界第二，S&P A+级，Moody A1级
BMW信评等级赢过奔驰。
https://i.imgtc.com/G79ywBc.jpg
(BMW, https://is.gd/oj7xVa )
(图) Volkswagen Group信评，S&P BBB+等级，Moody A3等级，未来展望都是负向。
https://i.imgtc.com/teeUOTnHBs.jpg
https://i.imgtc.com/G9eNch1eH3.jpg
目前Volkswagen信评分别属于第四种投资等级Lower medium grade (S&P)
以及第三高等级Upper medium grade (Moody)。
(图) 福特Ford信评，S&P BBB级，Moody Baa2级，未来展望都是稳定持平。
https://i.imgtc.com/oru1pCp.jpg
目前福特信评属于第四种投资等级Lower medium grade。
(图) 法国PSA标致雪铁龙集团信评，S&P BB级， Moody Ba1级，
未来展望 S&P正向, Moody稳定持平。
https://i.imgtc.com/Rbjj2nX.jpg
(图表) S&P, Moody, Fitch三大信评机构等级对照表
可投资等级 vs 垃圾等级
https://i.imgtc.com/UDC4Zwt.jpg
(source: Wikipedia)