此篇文章有延伸到我之前文章“你的阅读问题，真的在于题型吗？”
https://goo.gl/BCuknD 的观念，欢迎同学先看过喔!
相信不少同学有以下这两个阅读常见问题：
1. 从左读到右，逐字翻译
2. 因此单字看懂，但抓不到句子重点
前几天顾问时间一个同学来找我问阅读，她说她单字都看得懂，但凑在一起
就不知道在说什么，为了确定她的状况，直接跟她一起看一篇，发现了几个
主要的问题，特此分享给版上其他考生，可以测试看看你/妳有没有类似问
题喔！
我随便挑了TPO一篇 (TPO 7 Agriculture, Iron, and the Bantu
Peoples), 看其中一句There is evidence of agriculture in Africa
prior to 3000 B.C. It may have developed independently, but many
scholars believe that the spread of agriculture and iron
throughout Africa linked it to the major centers of the Near East
and Mediterranean world. 当这位同学在看第二句时，他看到the spread
of agriculture and iron throughout Africa linked it to the major
centers of the Near East and Mediterranean world. 这句话时已经头昏
了，并且很努力的一个字一个字翻译给我听，然后试图告诉我她理解的意
思。但其实这句话就算她搞懂了，还是忽略了最主要要先抓的结构应该是
It may have developed independently, but many scholars believe
that… 但因为这位同学一直试图去理解后面的意思，完全忽略了这句话最
主要的架构。简单来说，这句话只看了一半，最重要的概念完全没看到。
看到这里如果你觉得这句子好简单，怎么会有问题，你可以考虑左转了XD
但这个问题在很多同学身上发生，如果你看这句没有刚刚抓到这架构，欢迎
继续看下去。
另外一句比较长的句子：
These peoples settled at first in scattered hunting-and-gathering
bands, although in some places near lakes and rivers, people who
fished, with a more secure food supply, lived in larger population
concentrations.
如果觉得复杂，也是先尝试抓架构，会简单一点：
These peoples settled at first in…, although in some places…,
people lived in….
有了这样的架构：“这些人一开始是居住的方式是…, 虽然在有些地方, 他
们是住在…。”
先这样看，再去把剩下的资讯补齐，才不会只侷限在片段的资讯。
这位同学在看这句也是一直执著在 “in some places near lakes and
rivers, people who fished, with a more secure food supply, lived
in larger population concentrations.” 并没有看到主要的架构。
顺带一提，同学如果之后看到像上述这种although子句在后面的话，其实把
他搬到前面比较容易懂，往前搬一下这句话变成：
Although in some places near lakes and rivers, people who fished,
with a more secure food supply, lived in larger population
concentrations, these peoples settled at first in scattered
hunting-and-gathering bands.
以下几句话大家也可以尝试抓一下主要架构：
Agriculture seems to have reached these people from the Near East,
since the first domesticated crops were millets and sorghums whose
origins are not African but west Asian.
→Agriculture seems to have reached these people from the Near
East, since…
Once the idea of planting diffused, Africans began to develop
their own crops, such as certain varieties of rice, and they
demonstrated a continued receptiveness to new imports.
→Once…, Africans began to….
其实如果能抓住架构，刚好就也能回答 “sentence simplification”
question了, 或是一般常说的highlight题，其实考的就是上述的概念。拿
这篇的Q10 当例子，原句是Unlike in the Americas, where metallurgy
was a very late and limited development, Africans had iron from a
relatively early date, developing ingenious furnaces to produce
the high heat needed for production and to control the amount of
air that reached the carbon and iron ore necessary for making
iron.
如果同学已经熟悉上述的方法，应该很快能抓到最重要的架构是Unlike the
Americans, Africans had…
所以这句话最重要的是要“对比”美洲跟非洲的差别，在句子简化题当中，
要选的答案是会删去相对不重要的细节、资讯，但重要的概念一定还是要留
著，以这句话来说，就是对比美洲跟非洲的关系，再加上Africans因此发明
了一个很厉害的火炉怎样怎样的。
所以答案要选B) Africans produced iron much earlier than Americans,
inventing technologically sophisticated heating systems.
可以再试试看这句TPO26 Sumer And The First Cities Of The Ancient
Near East 的句子简化题：
A major development was the discovery, again about 3000 B.C.E.,
that if copper, which had been known in Mesopotamia since about
3500 B.C.E., was mixed with tin, a much harder metal, bronze,
would result.
简化资讯后→ A major development was the discovery that… （最重要
的发现是…）抓到最重要架构后，再去看这个最重要的发现是什么？
即 “If copper was mixed with tin, a much harder metal, bronze,
would result.”
所以原句作者最重要的重点是：在3000 B.C.E. 最重要的发现是，如果把铜
跟锡混合在一起，会变成更坚硬的金属黄铜。
所以选到答案Also around 3000 B.C.E. , it was discovered that
mixing copper, known from about 3500 B.C.E. , with tin would
create a much harder metal known as bronze.
所以抓到句子架构不只能帮助理解，也能确定句子简化题最重要资讯，同学
不妨在之后看每句话觉得很复杂，抓不到重点时，试试看上述方法！
Cheers,
J2