※ [本文转录自 Gossiping 看板 #1PsaiqgH ]
作者: ckTHU (XD) 看板: Gossiping
标题: [ＦＢ] 台湾的区域均衡与民主发展（二）
时间: Sun Oct 8 23:58:38 2017
ＦＢ卦点说明：
本篇承上篇 §台湾的区域均衡与民主发展（一）
§追求区域均衡的声音 A call for regional balance in development
台湾长久的区域均衡，是过往经建会、研考会乃至今天国发会都难以解决的问题
究竟台湾各地失衡如此之大的困境在哪？社会又该如何面对？
★☆发钱☆★，望更多人关心台湾，且关注这块土地的 区域均衡 及 首都机能 议题
为促进讨论，需附加评论，纯"推"一个字会设定跳过～
本版每 5 推 30p 至 20 名，至 6:00 am
ＦＢ连结：https://www.facebook.com/NCPBT/posts/1702060549805443
ＦＢ内容：
台湾的区域均衡与民主发展（二）
Calling for regional balance and democratic development in Taiwan - Part 2
§ 台湾的区域经济失衡
§ The imbalance of regional economy in Taiwan
总统蔡英文曾在 2015 年的“国土基盘整备与国家永续发展会议”发表看法
‘首先是“区域落差”。政府的资源大量投注于人口较多的北部，
其他地区的经济活动减少，民众无法在地就业，自然会人口外移，
在地人口高龄化也更加恶化。第二个问题，是“乡村破落”。年轻人大量的外移，
也使得乡村发展的可能性越来越少，就算地方政府引进工业与观光，
也因为欠缺整体发展的规划与资源，导致乡村地景的破坏与瓦解，
乡村地区的活力丧失殆尽。第三个问题，是“首都圈发展令人担忧的现象”，
因为大量人口往北部集中，造成土地及房屋价格高涨，连中产阶级都无法立足，
对年轻人更是一场噩梦。也因为过度拥挤，都市生活品质一直无法提升。’【 5 】
President Tsai Ing-wen commented regarding regional economy imbalance at the
"2015 National Land Consolidation and Sustainable Development Conference"
that the first issue is 'differentiation between regions'.
As the government invests predominantly in the more concentrated north,
other regions see a decrease in economic activities. Consequently,
residents in those regions suffer from unemployment,
thus moving to other cities to seek employment,
which then worsen the problem of ageing population in those regions.
The second issue is 'deterioration of villages'.
As large numbers of youngsters move away,
it reduces the possibility of rural development in those areas.
Even with the local government's effort in introducing industries and
tourism into the area, the rural landscape ends up destructed due to
lacking in resources and overall developmental planning,
which ultimately leads to these villages losing their vitality over time.
The third issue lies with
'the troubling phenomenon of development of the capital district'.
As large numbers of people pour into the north,
landed property and housing cost skyrockets.
It makes it makes it a nightmare for the middle class,
especially the younger generation to maintain their lives in the north.
Furthermore, it becomes increasingly difficult to
improve the quality of urban life due to overcrowding cities. 【 5 】
受商业历史悠久的华人社会影响，当代中国商人围绕着象征最高权力的“京城”
从事商业活动，经常钱权相伴。在台湾，也深受这种商业行为所影响，
经济活动朝着政治中心移动、依附且不断壮大，在亚洲社会是一种常见的商业行为。
With the long commercial history of the Chinese community,
contemporary Chinese businesspeople often engage in commercial
activities surrounding the ‘capital’, a symbol of ‘the highest power’.
More often than not, money and power go hand in hand.
Taiwan is deeply affected by this commercial mentality,
with her dependent and ever-growing economic activity
constantly moving towards the political centre.
It should be noted that such commercial
development is not unusual in other Asian societies.
With the long commercial history of the Chinese community,
contemporary Chinese businesspeople often engage in commercial
activities surrounding the ‘capital’, a symbol of ‘the highest power’.
More often than not, money and power go hand in hand.
Taiwan is deeply affected by this commercial mentality,
with her dependent and ever-growing economic activity
constantly moving towards the political centre.
It should be noted that such commercial
development is not unusual in other Asian societies.
台北市长柯文哲（Ko Wen-je）曾表示过：“相信只要努力就会成功的价值，
年轻一代已感受不到，因台湾政商关系复杂已经到世袭程度。”引述自由时报，【 6 】
因产业与资金过度集中于台北的现状难以想像，例如，
在 2014 年高雄市发生大规模气爆事故后，
市府实施高雄市既有工业管线管理自治条例
（Kaohsiung City Autonomous Statutes for the
Management of Existing Industrial Pipeline），
使得台湾最具规模的经济部所属国营事业，台湾中油（CPC Corporation, Taiwan）
等 14 家能源石化及管线业者，将总部迁至高雄市，才扭转石化业总部、
管理阶层聚集于几乎没有厂房的台北市，工业污染在其他县市的现象。
As quoted in the Liberty Times, Taipei Mayor, Mr. Ko Wen-je once said,
“the youth of this generation no longer has faith in the values of success
that would come with perseverance and hard work because
of the complexity of the political-commercial situation in Taiwan.”【 6 】
It is difficult to picture exactly how concentrated the industry
as well as capital is in Taipei. For instance, in the aftermath of
the large-scale gas explosion accident that occurred in Kaohsiung in 2014,
the municipal government put into place an industrial pipeline autonomous
management regulation ( Kaohsiung City Autonomous Statutes for the
Management of Existing Industrial Pipeline), thus making Taiwan's largest
business owned by the Ministry of Economic Affairs (CPC Corporation, Taiwan)
and other 14 energy and petrochemical and pipeline industry relocate their
headquarters to Kaohsiung City. This regulation finally ended a phenomenon
whereby petrochemical industry headquarters concentrated in
Taipei without their industrial plants, while other counties and
cities endured the industrial pollution for years on end.
https://imgur.com/dyhGBBl
※ 图 B：2016 年 12 月－公司登记实收资本额－按行业别及县市别【 7 】
※ Figure B: Summary of company registered capital in December 2016 【 7 】
图 B 为去年 12 月由台湾的经济部商业司（Department of Commerce, MOEA）
所公布的资料，不难发现到，大多数的产业资本在台北都会区聚集，
环绕着政治权力中心的现象在台湾存在许久。
Figure B shows data released in December 2016 by Taiwan Department of
Commerce, MOEA. It is not difficult to see that most of the companies’
headquarters are gathered in the Taipei Metropolitan Area.
This phenomenon of economic development surrounding the
political power hub has existed in Taiwan for a long time.
当经济活动与政治权力集中于一地，假如缺乏相应的法治精神，与相互制衡的制度
，这对于政府的廉能、其他区域的均衡发展，及偏远地区的人们理应享有的基本权利
，会不会有间接性地损害呢？又官商绵密的关系会不会就此滋长勾结与腐败的温床呢？
In the case where economic activity and political power are concentrated
in one place, while it lacks corresponding regulations to keep all parties
in check, it raises the possibility of indirect impairment to the
government’s honesty, the balanced development of other regions,
and the basic rights that should be enjoyed by the people in remote areas.
On another note, might the close relationship between
the government officials and businesses lead to corruption?
在台湾，31 家进入富比世 500 大的企业，22 家总部位于台北市，且多数为金融业。
有趣的是，台湾经济命脉仰赖国际贸易的收入支撑，
但是金融中心并非在最大的港口城市高雄市。
There are currently 31 companies listed in the Fortune 500,
22 of which are headquartered in Taipei, most of them are in the financial
industry. Interestingly, Taiwan’s economic depends heavily on the
income of international trading. However, the financial centre is not
situated in Kaohsiung, the largest port city in Taiwan.
对岸的中国在改革开放后，产业聚落也多围绕在大都会，但金融业中指标性的四大银行
（Big Four），中国工商银行 ICBC，中国农业银行ABC，中国银行 BOC，
中国建设银行 CCB，其总部全位于政治经济中心北京市，而非上海。
After China’s reform, industries congregated mostly around the metropolis.
On the other hand, the four major banks of the Chinese financial industry
(Big Four), namely the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC),
Agricultural Bank of China (ABC), Bank of China (BOC),
and China Construction Bank (CCB), their headquarters are all located
in the political and economic centre in Beijing, rather than Shanghai.
两岸的区域发展模式看似类似，但如果我们观察台湾的区域失衡，影响层面相当广泛，
产业结构、薪资、教育、环境、出生率、公共基础建设分配以及人口从中南部往北部迁徙
，这种情况造成乡村的年轻劳动力流失，当然这一切也与长期缺乏完整的国土规划有关。
It may appear that the regional development on both sides of the strait
take on a similar model, however if we take a closer look at Taiwan’s regional
imbalances, we would see that its impacts are observable on a several levels,
such as the industrial structure, salary, education, the environment,
birth rate, public infrastructure allocation and population migration
from the central and south to the north of Taiwan. This has caused the
loss of young labour force in the countryside to the city.
Though, this phenomenon may also be related to the lack of
long-term comprehensive territorial planning.