又来向前辈请教两题，这次是文法考题：
1. 以下两个句子若要选优劣，想跟前辈请教是否确实没有文法错误、而(A)优于(B)
的原因是：(B)以平行写法叙说三件事：are found、survive及extends，但三件事中显然
are found是属于背景，与后两件事平行描述语意上模糊了焦点，改用(A)的写法更显语意
清楚？
(A) Found only in the Western Hemisphere, hummingbirds survive through
extremes of climate, their range extending from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego,
from sea- level rain forests to the edges of Andean snowfields and ice fields
at altitudes of 15000 feet.
(B) Hummingbirds are found only in the Western Hemisphere, survive through
extremes of climate, and their range extends from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego,
from sea- level rain forests to the edges of Andean snowfields and ice fields
at altitudes of 15000 feet.
2. 以下这两个句子则是“大概知道”意思、想请教明确的文法规则解释(看
conjunction 跟倒装的讨论看了好一下…)，知道(B)没有连接词一定是错的、但不知道为
何(A)就可以。
(A) Less successful after she emigrated to New York than she had been in
her native Germany, photographer Lotte Jacobi nevertheless earned a small group
of discerning admirers, and her photographs were eventually exhibited in
prestigious galleries across the United States.
(B) She had been less successful after emigrating to New York than in her
native Germany, photographer Lotte Jacobi nevertheless earned a small group
of discerning admirers, and her photographs were eventually exhibited in
prestigious galleries across the United States.
3. 这题则是有几处无法肯定解法，想跟前辈们请教的是其中的解题细节：
The use of lie detectors is based on the assumption that lying produces
emotional reactions in an individual that, in turn, create unconscious
physiological responses.
A that, in turn, create unconscious physiological responses
B that creates unconscious physiological responses in turn
C creating, in turn, unconscious physiological responses
D to create, in turn, physiological responses that are unconscious
E who creates unconscious physiological responses in turn
因为这个考试蛮考语意(也就是表达意思上细微的差别)，想法是挑出最重点的错误逐一去
，以免琢磨语意却忽略了明显的不合理：
1. 第一眼扫过去看到后面的错误比较细微，最明显的差异应该在各选项的开头处，
连接individual的写法，而(A)&(B)首先看到一样是用that子句、但动词单复数不一致→
检查主词→无法决定是emotional reactions create responses 还是individual creates
response (还是根本是lying creates ?)
这题写两次，一次觉得只有人或lying才能response、删去(A)；另一次觉得人不会
create response，人会“直接”response，是reaction create了人的response，删去(B)
，觉得想到有点钻牛角尖，且认为应该有更精确的判断方式(无奈我的文法概念不太好…)
，此处希望有人可以提点>”<
2. 接下来删去(E)：因为借由关代who连接句子，使得后段要传达的意思都变成
individual的modifier，传达的意思就中断了。(此处重点应为说造成人的情绪波动、进
而产生下意识生理反应，而(E)的“进而…”被隐藏或downgrade 成对人的修饰了。
3. 若剩下(A)(B)之一+(C)+(D)，接下来想删去(D)：因为是unconscious response，
用to+V似乎相对为purposeful description。
4. 最后还是面对(A)(B)：若加入(C)来看(A)&(B)的差异，(C)的create动作者很明确
是lying、(B)可能是与(C)同、也可能是指individual；(A)则应指向复数名词reactions，
就选了(A)。
(若选其他两者、没有理由不选另一个，或是又得考虑得更细，觉得钻牛角尖，但其实没
有solid reason)
觉得再写一次也不太有把握、且第一个判断点感觉应该有更明确的规则在，再请前辈们尽
量帮忙，谢谢。