虽然奥运对绝大多数人而言，是遥不可及的梦想，
但这仍然是对跨性别意义重大的新闻~
https://anntw.com/articles/20160125-jjTR
友善跨性别 奥运参赛不用再变性
黄捷 2016/01/25 14:24
【台湾醒报记者黄捷综合报导】变性运动员要参加奥运，不必再把性别改回来了！国际奥
委会24日宣布新规，跨性别的运动员不须做变性手术改回原本的性别，即可参加奥运，奥
委会也呼吁其他国际运动组织比照办理。
根据《卫报》报导，原本规定变性运动员须接受至少2年的贺尔蒙疗程才能参赛，让原本
职业生涯就短暂的运动员更感困难。奥委会日前发布新规定表示，从女变男的运动员可不
受限制参加男子比赛项目，不过由男变女的运动员则需接受贺尔蒙疗程，赛事前睾丸素需
低于特定浓度才可参赛。
国际奥委会在去年11月时曾收到建议，但当时并无意修改，后来奥委会医疗委员会给予建
议并辅以医学报告说服后，让奥委会决议放宽参赛限制，让变性人不需要变回原来的性别
也能直接参赛，且激素疗程也将缩短为1年。参与政策修改的变性人女医生哈珀表示，新
规弥补旧规的不足，且1年的时间限制较合理。
据《Think Progress》报导，变性运动员在2004年的雅典奥运首次获得参赛资格，但需在
生理上改变性别、接受2年激素疗程以及法律上的认可，遭致外界反弹，认为“生殖器”
并非影响成绩高低的关键因素。
美国首位获选入国家队的变性男运动员莫西，在得知这项消息后，也高兴地在推特上分享
新闻，“当这项规定正式通过后，奥运应该变得对变性运动员更为友善了。”
附上《卫报》原文
http://goo.gl/hwEoZH
IOC rules transgender athletes can take part in Olympics without surgery
Female-to-male athletes can compete ‘without restriction’, while
male-to-female athletes must undergo hormone therapy, according to new
guidelines
Associated Press
Monday 25 January 2016 01.04 GMT
Transgender athletes should be allowed to compete in the Olympics and other
international events without undergoing sex reassignment surgery, according
to new guidelines adopted by the IOC.
International Olympic Committee medical officials said on Sunday they changed
the policy to adapt to current scientific, social and legal attitudes on
transgender issues.
The guidelines are designed as recommendations – not rules or regulations –
for international sports federations and other bodies to follow and should
apply for this year’s Olympics in Rio de Janeiro.
“I don’t think many federations have rules on defining eligibility of
transgender individuals,” IOC medical director Dr Richard Budgett said. “
This should give them the confidence and stimulus to put these rules in place.
”
Under the previous IOC guidelines, approved in 2003, athletes who
transitioned from male to female or vice versa were required to have
reassignment surgery followed by at least two years of hormone therapy in
order to be eligible to compete.
Now, surgery will no longer be required, with female-to-male transgender
athletes eligible to take part in men’s competitions “without restriction”.
Meanwhile, male-to-female transgender athletes will need to demonstrate that
their testosterone level has been below a certain cutoff point for at least
one year before their first competition.
“It is necessary to ensure insofar as possible that trans athletes are not
excluded from the opportunity to participate in sporting competition,” the
IOC said in a document (pdf) posted on its website that outlines the
guidelines. “The overriding sporting objective is and remains the guarantee
of fair competition.
“To require surgical anatomical changes as a precondition to participation
is not necessary to preserve fair competition and may be inconsistent with
developing legislation and notions of human rights,” it added.
The guidelines, first reported by Outsports.com, were approved after a
meeting in November 2015 in Lausanne, Switzerland, of Olympic officials and
medical experts.
Budgett said there were no plans for the guidelines to be sent for approval
by the IOC executive board.
“This is a scientific consensus paper, not a rule or regulation,” he said.
“It is the advice of the medical and scientific commission and what we
consider the best advice.”
Former IOC medical commission chairman Arne Ljungqvist, who was among the
experts involved in drafting the new guidelines, said the consensus was
driven by social and political changes.
“It has become much more of a social issue than in the past,” he told
Associated Press. “We had to review and look into this from a new angle. We
needed to adapt to the modern legislation around the world. We felt we cannot
impose a surgery if that is no longer a legal requirement.
“Those cases are very few, but we had to answer the question,” he added. “
It is an adaptation to a human rights issue. This is an important matter. It’
s a trend of being more flexible and more liberal.”
Under the new rules, an athlete transitioning to a woman must undergo hormone
therapy and demonstrate that the total level of male testosterone in the
blood has been below 10 nanomols per litre for at least a year prior to
competing.
The previous rule stated that, in addition to reassignment surgery, the
athlete required a minimum of two years of hormone treatment. How long it
will take the athlete to reach the new cutoff limit will depend on individual
cases, Ljungqvist said.
“If you change sex, you will have to have a hormone level below 10 for 12
months,” he said. “That does not mean a one-year guarantee. You don’t go
below 10 from day one. It takes quite some time. It can take more than one
year or two years.”
The issue gained extra prominence after former Olympic decathlon champion
Caitlyn Jenner announced last year that she had transitioned to a woman.
The IOC document also cited the case of hyperandrogenism, or presence of high
levels of testosterone in female athletes.
Indian sprinter Dutee Chand was suspended by the IAAF in 2014 due to
hyperandrogenism and missed the Commonwealth games and Asian games.
But the court of arbitration for sport (CAS) suspended the rule last year,
saying the IAAF had failed to prove that women with naturally high levels of
testosterone had a competitive edge. Chand was cleared to compete, and the
court gave the IAAF until July 2017 to present new scientific evidence.
The IOC statement urged the IAAF and others to go back to the CAS with
arguments in favor of reinstating the rule.
“To avoid discrimination, if not eligible for female competition, the
athlete should be eligible to compete in male competition,” the IOC said.
The issue of gender verification gained global attention after South African
runner Caster Semenya was ordered to undergo sex tests after winning the 800m
world title in 2009. She was eventually cleared to compete by the IAAF and
won silver in the 800m at the 2012 London Olympics.
The IOC used to conduct gender verification tests at the Olympics, but those
chromosome-based screenings were dropped before the 2000 Sydney Games because
they were deemed unscientific and unethical.
相关报导 http://goo.gl/K3fW0R
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简单整理一下，奥委会提出的方针中，
FtM不必通过特别标准(因为男性选手运动成绩明显比女性高)，
MtF参加奥运的标准如下：
1.性别认同为女性并持续4年以上
2.在参赛的前12个月以上，睪固酮在10 nmol/L (288 ng/dL)以下，
比赛期间也要维持在上述水准
[这对一般MtF而言很高，但运动员因为训练量大，雄激素自然比正常人高，
也包括原生女，所以这样制定较为合理]
虽然这个标准应该满具有指标性的，但毕竟只是个方针(guideline)，没有强制性，
各国在奥运选手选拔与培训上，对跨性别的规定与态度不见得会跟进，
加上运动选手的养成往往要经过很多阶层，
学校校队、业余运动、职业运动等等的规范与环境都会影响到。
而且就新闻底下的留言中，反对声浪也不少，虽然大多数是不懂的人在跳针，
例如提到“让男生可以参加女生组的比赛，不就天下无敌了？”
显然很多人还天真地以为让MtF参加奥运等于让麻里爱参加奥运。XD
但其实运动表现与雄激素含量息息相关，MtF在HRT一年以后基本上就与原生女无异了。
我在Amelia Gapin(美国著名MtF马拉松跑者)的部落格上，
以及与她本人聊天得到的感觉也是如此。
台湾运动界要做到对跨性别(尤其是MtF)普遍友善，恐怕还有很长的一段路...
上周末我去跑渣打马拉松，报名的就是男子组，因为证件上还不能换性别啊><
一度考虑要致电路跑协会询问，但后来想想还是算了，
毕竟一来我也还没拿到GID，二来也还没快到进女生组会抢走原生女的排名XD
(假如是去年11月巅峰时期参赛，或许有这种可能)
然后发现男女号码布颜色根本是反白的...
我就大喇喇挂著男生组的号码布穿短裙跑了21K，也是满有戏的，而且照片超好找XD