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标题：克里斯多夫诺兰在毕业致词上揭露《全面启动》最后的结局真正意义
文/ Sebox
每年到了毕业季，许多演艺圈的名人就会到毕业典礼上，为他们的学弟妹说些勉励的话。
而今年普林斯顿大学找来了《星际效应》（Interstellar）、《全面启动》（Inception
）的导演克里斯多夫诺兰（Christopher Nolan）为毕业生们致词。致词的内容引用了许
多他自己电影里的剧情，也从中分享了他对于电影以及这个世界的想法。诺兰的电影里对
于现实生活或是人性的黑暗，有一些独特的见解，而他勉励毕业生的第一句话，就是要他
们不要继续追求梦想。
“毕业演讲的优良传统里，通常讲者都会勉励大家要去‘追求梦想’，但我自己都不相信
这套了，我也不会勉励大家这样做。我希望大家可以去‘追求现实’。”
“随着时间的巨轮转动，我们一直把现实看成只是梦想的一个可怜亲戚。但我要告诉你们
的是，梦想或是虚拟的现实，这些围绕在我们生活周边抽象又美好的概念，其实都只是现
实中的一个子集合。”
诺兰提出了《全面启动》的结尾作为例子，当然也向那些被爆雷的听众道歉。对他来说真
正重要的不是Cobb最后在梦里或是在现实生活中，而是去在意、去关心现实生活中的每个
层面。
“李奥纳多狄卡皮欧（Leonardo DiCaprio）所饰演的Cobb，曾经没有办法好好的陪伴孩
子，也曾经滞留在自己的主观现实中，但最后他什么都不在乎了。这也告诉了我们，或许
现实生活中的每一个层次都是有意义的。当摄影机慢慢往旋转的陀螺移动，在陀螺正要开
始不稳的时候，就切进了黑画面。”
“我赶快逃出戏院，因为我怕人们冲上来找我，这个结尾造成了观众非常强烈的反应，但
很常是一阵哀嚎。我要说的重点是，客观地看来，观众认为这件事情非常关键，虽然说电
影是编造出来的，像是虚拟的现实世界，但结局到底是梦还是现实对观众来说真的很重要
。这也是我被问过最多次的问题，人们非常关心现实，现实真的非常很重要。”
导演诺兰除了提到他刚上大学的第一天遇见了他的妻子，以及他毕业当时的想法，他表示
在学校里所学的知识并不是完美的，必须融合了更多经验才能够填补自己没看见的空洞。
“我们以为自己拥有了一堆布里起司那样形状满满的知识，但那些其实只是一堆充满空洞
的瑞士起司。但那些空洞才是真正重要的，因为你跨出校园后，就要开始填满那些你本来
不知道自己有的空洞，你将会用经验来填补这些空洞。当然一定会有好的经验，也一定有
坏的，但这就是你要学习的。”
“你在这里所成就的将会帮助你变得更好，因为你不只是得到了一个充满知识的身躯，而
是你学习到了如何继续学习。最重要的一个部分就是，起司上的空洞将会被最珍贵的东西
填起来，新的想法、新的概念以及那些可以改变世界的事物。”
话说到此诺兰又拿出自己的作品《全面启动》作为例子。
“植入一个想法的种子，随着时间，这个想法必定会慢慢变得更重要。我觉得我有责任告
诉你们一些事情，一些在未来能够帮助你们的事情。”
诺兰回忆当他毕业时，世界是什么模样，并有感而发这过去二十年的发展，似乎都只在人
类的狭隘的眼界里是美好的，更期许毕业生能够从事物的根本开始做起，才能真正改变世
界。
“种族歧视、所得落差太大甚至是战争，我可以继续说下去，但我相信你们一定都很清楚
，因为那些事情到现在仍然存在。我们过去二十年究竟做了什么呢？如果要我给你们一个
忠告，我一定要仔细看看我这个年代到底对世界做了什么。”
“事实上，我想我们有很多基本的问题没有解决，我们一直相信如果能够将这个世界串连
起来，如果我们能让不同的想法、意见突破地理、经济的藩篱自由地交流，如果我们都能
发声，这些问题都会被解决。不幸地，到了现在这步田地，我们必须承认我们错了，事情
才不是我们想的那样。讯息的传达并不是一切，有太多的智慧、经济资源都在我那个年代
被投入了通信的基础设施，然后完成了一些我们自以为很美好的东西。”
“看看事物的基本面，我们要如何才能改变世界？要如何才能进步呢？我不需要告诉你们
怎么做，我只能告诉你们现在这些是你们的问题了。重要的是，人们会受到你的所作所为
影响，而我相信你们拥有无限的潜力。”
最后诺兰打趣地拿蝙蝠侠布鲁斯伟恩（Bruce Wayne）开玩笑，因为他也曾是普林斯顿大
学的学生，但他没有毕业。
“有一件布鲁斯伟恩很重要的事情，没错，他曾经就读过普林斯顿大学，但他并没有从这
里毕业。所以明天开始，你们每个人都比蝙蝠侠还要厉害！”
（THR）
另外从hollywoodreporter 网站也找到这篇文章：
http://goo.gl/M2mG5m
Christopher Nolan Talks 'Inception' Ending, Batman and "Chasing Reality" in
Princeton Grad Speech
Christopher Nolan shared some respectful, realistic graduation advice at
Princeton's commencement ceremony on Monday morning.
"In the great tradition of these speeches, generally someone says something
along the lines of 'Chase your dreams,' but I don't want to tell you that
because I don't believe that," he told the students at Class Day. "I want you
to chase your reality."
"I feel that over time, we started to view reality as the poor cousin to our
dreams, in a sense. ... I want to make the case to you that our dreams, our
virtual realities, these abstractions that we enjoy and surround ourselves
with — they are subsets of reality," he later reflected, apologizing to
anyone who hadn't seen Inception. "The way the end of that film worked,
Leonardo DiCaprio's character Cobb — he was off with his kids, he was in his
own subjective reality. He didn't really care anymore, and that makes a
statement: perhaps, all levels of reality are valid. The camera moves over
the spinning top just before it appears to be wobbling, it was cut to black."
"I skip out of the back of the theater before people catch me, and there's a
very, very strong reaction from the audience: usually a bit of a groan," he
joked. "The point is, objectively, it matters to the audience in absolute
terms: even though when I'm watching, it's fiction, a sort of virtual
reality. But the question of whether that's a dream or whether it's real is
the question I've been asked most about any of the films I've made. It
matters to people because that's the point about reality. Reality matters."
The director of Interstellar and The Dark Knight trilogy first noted that he
met his wife on the first day of college — a remark met with palpable
audience sentiment — and though their graduation was bittersweet, they were
ready to get out there.
"We felt very much as if we had accumulated this whole wheel of Brie of
knowledge!" he joked. "Of course, what I realize is, it's actually Swiss
cheese — those gaps in there are the point. They're the important part,
because you're going to get out there and fill those gaps you didn't even
know you had, and you're going to fill them with experience. Some of it
marvelous, some of it terrible. And you're going to learn that way.
"What you have achieved here will see you through that. You haven't just
learned a body of knowledge; you've learned how to learn, you've learned the
value of learning," he continued. "Most importantly, some of those gaps will
be filled with the most precious thing of all: new thought, new ideas, things
that are going to change the world."
Nolan admitted that as a believer in Inception, "the idea that you can plant
the seed of an idea that will grow into something more substantial over time
— I do feel some responsibility to try and say something to you that will
carry forward and might help you in some way." He thought back to the world
into which he graduated: "Racism, income inequality, warfare — I could go on
but you know this list, and the reason you know it is because it's exactly
the same today. What have we been doing for the last twenty years? If I'm
gonna give you any advice, I have to take a hard look at my generation and
what we've done."
"The truth is, I think we failed to address a lot of the fundamentals —
possibly for a good reason. I think we went out into the world believing
that if we could connect the world, if we could allow the free exchange of
ideas across geographical boundaries, economic boundaries, if we could all
talk, these problems would go away. Unfortunately, I think by now, we have to
acknowledge that we were wrong, that's not the case. Communication is not
everything. So much of the resources — intellectual, financial — of my
generation have gone into communications infrastructure and achieved
wonderful things, but perhaps not as wonderful as we claim them to be."
"It's an insult to reality," said Nolan of being stuck to screens, rather
than looking out the window of the cross-country airplane he took to get
there, for example. "I have to acknowledge the irony that I am someone who
made a film, half of which is set in the cabin of an airplane where people
are dealing with realities within realities, so I've certainly had my part to
play in this, perhaps. But when you're flying in an airplane across this
incredible country, you're enjoying one of the great modern marvels, you're
getting a perspective on America, on our landscape and where we are that no
one's ever had before."
"Look at fundamentals — how can we change things, move the ball on this and
progress? I don't have to tell you how to do it. I just have to tell you it's
your problem now," he challenged them. "It's very important that people are
really affected by what you do. I think you have limitless potential."
Nolan closed by clarifying the longstanding debate of Batman's standing at
Princeton, thanks to a scene from Batman begins. "The most important thing
about Bruce Wayne — yes, he attended Princeton, but he didn't graduate," he
said to roaring applause. "So as of tomorrow, you are all already better than
Batman!"