Re: [闲聊] 法律界语言为什么不白话些?

楼主: LacrimosaMus (Dr.King Schultz)   2023-12-20 23:26:14
小孩睡了,来闲聊一下。
法律文书的撰写,追求两件事情:
一、简短精确且周全;
二、容易阅读。
首先讲简短精确且周全,精确又可以分为两个层面,
第一层面,概念与字词的一对一指涉,
一个概念只用一个字词来指涉,一个字词只指涉一个概念。
例如契约中提到“乙方车辆”,
就应该只使用这两个字词来指涉这个概念,不该出现“乙方货车”或“乙方运输车辆”,
除非“乙方货车”或“乙方运输车辆”是指“乙方车辆”的特定子集合。
又例如我很反对使用“如”来描述契约的条件/if,
因为“如”有“例如”和“如果”两种字义,改用“若”的话就精确地多了。
第二层面,精确地表现态度和语气。
例如,我的当事人小美和邻居起冲突,拉扯间小美甩了邻居一个巴掌被告伤害罪,
开庭时法官已经表明本案小美不是正当防卫,可是小美又一直要我帮她用正当防卫辩护,
怎么办呢?
“邻居和小美拉扯,本来就推来推去,小美这样甩邻居巴掌,是正当防卫”?
白话文太冗,法官大概看到一半就不爽了,我不想开庭被骂。
“被告正当防卫,不罚”?
太肯定句了,法官都说不想审查正当防卫了,我这样写下次开庭一定被骂。
不如状末另起一段:
“另如同历次书状所述,被告所为尚难迳认非无阻却违法事由,祈请 钧院明察”,
法官看到就知道,OK律师这句是补充说明/废话,下次开庭不用问,而且用词婉转=客气,
放他一马开庭不骂他。
只可惜在素人小美眼中,我多重否定、婉转曲折的用心不过是难以阅读而已。
第二层面,容易阅读。
这还要视写作的对象而定。
对法官、检察官和对造律师来说,因为大家求学+工作基本上都十年起跳,看习惯了,
文白夹杂的公文书写法加上大量法律用语(单一字词指涉单一概念)反而更好阅读,
什么意思一眼瞄过去大概就清楚了。
反而像中国那边的判决极度白话文倾向,读起来说有多卡就有多卡,看到尾巴忘了头,
回去从头看起又忘了尾巴写什么,不画重点做笔记,一张A4十分钟还看不完。
至于如果是写给客户或非法律工作的主管,则是要尽可能浅白,
但是“字词、概念一对一指涉”的原则还是不可以放下,否则徒生争议。
最后是推文提到的,“法律用语对素人而言不易阅读”可不只是台湾,国外也是如此。
以下是英文契约的约因公版:
NOW, THEREFORE, it is agreed that in consideration of the Title Company
issuing its title insurance policy to Buyer effective as of the date closing
occurs without making exception therein to matters which may arise between
the last effective date of the title insurance commitment issued by the Title
Company in connection with Buyer’s title insurance (the “Effective Date”)
and the date the documents creating the interest being insured have been
filed for record and which matters may constitute an encumbrance on or affect
said title, Seller agrees to promptly defend, remove, bond or otherwise
dispose of any encumbrance, lien or objectionable matter to title caused by
the acts of Seller, its agents or representatives which may arise or to be
filed, as the case may be, against the Real Property during the period of
time between the Effective Date and the date of recording of all closing
instruments, and to hold harmless, and indemnify the Title Company against
all expenses, costs, and reasonable attorneys’ fees, which may arise out of
Seller’s failure to so remove, bond or otherwise dispose of any said liens,
encumbrances or objectionable matters caused by the acts of Seller, its
agents or representatives; provided, however, the Title Company shall use
good faith and diligent efforts to cause all documents to be recorded as soon
as possible but, in any event, no later than three (3) business days after
the date hereof and Seller shall have no obligations or liability hereunder
with respect to any objections to title which may arise or be filed after
such three (3) business day.
这一段有在接触外国契约的法律工作者应该都熟到会背了,但就算对英语母语人士来说,
如果不是业内人士,要在第一时间阅读理解仍非易事,
原因无他,力求简短、精确且周全下的必要之恶而已。

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