楼主: 
EggAche (蛋疼)   
2013-05-20 19:38:33[单元]
        功与能
[来源]
        96 中山 (9)
[题目]
        As a block slides a distance d down an incline, the incline
        exerts a constant frictional force of magnitude f on the block.
        The quantify fd gives the magnitude of:
        (A) The work done by the frictional force
        (B) The change in the internal energy of the block
        (C) The change in the internal energy of the block-incline system
        (D) The change in the mechanical energy of the block-earth system
        (E) The change in the kinetic energy of the block
[想法]
        手边一个答案是说无解, 另外一个答案给(C)
        前者的话, 我的想法是题目给的 fd 相乘为正值
        然而不论是根据定力作功 W = F dot d,
        或是根据功能原理 W_nc = (K2 + U2) - (K1 + U1)
        其作功值, 总力学能变化值皆为负, 故不合。
        然而后者若是不考虑正负, 只考虑其量值,
        是否(A)也可以选?
        考虑定力作功, W = -fd, 则 |-fd| = fd
作者: 
BaBi (迅雷不及掩耳盗铃)   
2013-05-21 17:49:00这就是在热力学里的定义啦, 系统内能变化量即进出系统边界能量的代数和, 是以包括热量Q与外界作功W, 恰好就是热力学第一定律 △U = Q - W