大家好，我是SK2 的David ～
许久前写过一篇“口说一二题如何发展例子：WORD BANK” ，
受到许多自修同学的好评，也得到不少来信，问了很多审题相关的问题，
一年多下来，我整理出了更系统的审题＋发展例子方法，
不藏私，直接和各位分享！
本篇建议对托福口说还没什么头绪的同学，依照文章里的建议，实际开口
练习，请先准备好计时器、纸笔，以实际感受托福口说！
先说结论：
“发展和解释”是托福口说一、二题考的一个重要能力。所以，在我们的答
案中，需要做到两件事“告诉听者要解释什么”，以及“展现解释的能力”。
开始解释之前，我们丢一题，请各位按照自己的方式试着回答看看：
请各位准备一张纸和笔，可以简单记一点笔记，厘清思路，也提醒自己等一
下要说什么。
准备时间：15秒
回答时间：45秒
Question:
“Which would you prefer, to cook by yourself, or visit
restaurants and have people cook for you?”
请真的说一次，不要直接往下看！
好了，觉得自己回答得如何？这次，没有要求各位录音，因为我们需要先让
各位发现自己“思考问题、架构答案”时，有没有遇到问题。
接下来，请各位回想一下，我们于前面文章提到逻辑时，建议各位怎么架构
答案？
“直接提出答案，接着提出理由，再来解释理由和你的答案之间的关联”。
我的答案会长这样：
Well, I would prefer to cook by myself.
Because, I don’t have a lot of money, and if I cook by myself, I
can save some money.
For example, I can go to the supermarket, and look for things that
are on sale, or things that are about to expiration date.
On the other hand, if I go to restaurants, the price of meals are
usually very expensive. Also, there is often a 10% service fee,
which is quite a big amount sometimes.
各位不妨思考一下自己的答案，和我的答案的架构方式。哪一个比较有“解释”
到？
如果你的比较清楚，不用往下看了～～
我来拆解一下我的答案，告诉各位这两件事，分别出现在什么地方：
Well, I would prefer to cook by myself.
这句话是答案。
Because, I don’t have a lot of money, and if I cook by
myself, I can save some money.
这句话做了三件事：
1. ”I don’t have a lot of money”
告诉了听者，我的个人特质。
2. ”I can save money”
告诉了听者，依据我的特质，我想要的是什么。
3. “If I cook by myself, I can save some money”.
最后，告诉听者，我的答案，和我想要的东西之间，是有关联的。
这三件事情，合而为一，就是我的理由。
For example, I can go to the supermarket, and look for things
that are on sale. Or, I can try to find things that are about to
expiration date, and they’re usually cheaper.
具体解释了”If I cook by myself” 我可以如何”save money”.
On the other hand, if I go to restaurants, the price of meals are
usually very expensive. Also, there is often a 10% service fee,
which is quite a big amount sometimes.
又举了一个反例，具体解释如果我不”cook by myself”，我就不会
”save money”.
所以，这个答案中，就“告诉听者要解释什么”，以及具体“展现解释
的能力”。
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这样的一个答案，是怎么建构出来的？或者问，“为什么要直接提出答案，
接着提出理由，再来解释理由和你的答案之间的关联？”
请各位想像你和我在说话，接着，你问了我这样一个问题：
“Which would you prefer, to cook by yourself, or visit
restaurants and have people cook for you?”
然后，我开始回答你的问题。
“Well, I would prefer to cook by myself.”
说到这边，我停住了。你会接着问我什么？
”Why?” 没错吧？于是，我就会告诉你我的理由：
“Because, I don’t have a lot of money, and if I cook by myself,
I can save some money.“
接着，你眉头一皱，表示不解。这时，你会问我什么？请想一下！
大概是：”How can you save money, if you cook by yourself?”
或是”What can you do to save money?” 吧？
所以，接着我就得回答”how” & “what”，详细解释”cook by myself”
和”save money” 之间的关联。
“For example, I can go to the supermarket, and look for
things that are on sale, or things that are about to expiration
date.“
如果意犹未尽，再举一个反例给你听。
“On the other hand, if I go to restaurants, the price of
meals are usually very expensive. Also, there is often a 10%
service fee, which is quite a big amount sometimes.“
至此，答案结束。
所以，不妨这样说，最有逻辑的答案架构，其实就是“试图想像彼此在对话中，
试图直接回答对方心中所想的问题”，自然形成的。
因此，“预测对方接着要问什么问题，而先行加以回答”，就是我们建构任
何答案的基准。因为，“口说是为了被听到而存在”。最理想的“决定下一
句话要讲什么的方式”，自然就是“先猜到对方想要听到什么”。
我的口说每一题的答题架构，都是这样“未听先猜”，设计出来的，也建议
各位去思考你的架构，能不能做到同样的引导效果。
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我们让各位再练习一题，如果你已经OK了，可以直接跳到下个分隔线。
准备时间：15秒
回答时间：45秒
Question:
“What suggestion would you give to a friend, who wants to improve
his scores on the school exams?”
请思考如何利用我们刚刚提过的方式：提出答案、提出理由、解释关联，
来架构你的答案。
说完了吗？
我们来看一下我这一题的答案：
Well, I will suggest my friend to cheat.Because my friend is
really stupid, to cheat would seem the easiest and most effective
way for him.For example, all he has to do is to look over his
shoulder, observe the answer from someone else, and copy whatever
he sees. Or, he can simply pay a person, and ask that person to
finish the test for him. On the other hand, if he doesn’t cheat,
he will need to study really really hard. But, maybe it is not
going to pay off. All his efforts might just end in vain.
架构是一样的吧？
我们很快的来看一下，这个答案怎么拆解。一样，让我们想像一下，一个对
话正在发生：
A. - “What suggestion would you give to a friend, who wants to
improve his scores on the school exams?”
B. - “Well, I will suggest my friend to cheat.”
A. - “Why would you suggest that?”
B. - “Because my friend is really stupid, to cheat would seem the
easiest and most effective way for him.”
A. - “How is “cheating” the most effective?”
B. - “For example, all he has to do is to look over his shoulder,
observe the answer from someone else, and copy whatever he sees.
Or, he can simply pay a person, and ask that person to finish the
test for him. These will save him a lot of time.“
A. - “Huh. What happens if he doesn’t cheat, you know?”
B. - “On the other hand, if he doesn’t cheat, he will need to study
really really hard. But, maybe it is not going to pay off. All his
efforts might just end in vain. It will be a waste of time.”
A. - “I see!!!”
把A.的部分拿掉，一个自然、有逻辑的托福口说答案就诞生了！
这样，各位有更明白一些吗？
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下面，我们将更具体的告诉各位，如果在“看到题目的一瞬间，思考并建立
好架构。”
让我们一起看一下这两题。
“Which would you prefer, to cook by yourself, or visit
restaurants and have people cook for you?”
“What suggestion would you give to a friend, who wants
to improve his scores on the school exams?”
两个题目中，都有的“元素”是什么？
——都要求一个具体的回答（”which”, “what suggestion”），
——指定了一个对象（”you”, “a friend”）。
既然要“一瞬间思考并建立好架构”，那势必不能“一整句话一起思考”。
事实上，要建立好架构，思考这两件事情就够了。
并且，思考的顺序上，需要先思考“指定的对象”，再决定“具体的回
答”。
请听我分析。第一题中，指定的对象是”you” ，要求的回答是”prefer
to cook by yourself, or visit restaurants and have people cook for
you”.
我们可以把题目更广泛的理解成：”What kind of things do you prefer?”，
而回答了这个问题，下一个问题势必就是：
“Why do you prefer these things?”
让我们最追问下去，下一个问题就是千古大哉问：
“Who are you?”这个问题，就是我们要问的最后一个问题。
“你是谁？”、“你有哪些特质？”、“你在意什么？”、“你想要什么？”
这些是“你”做任何决定的根本原因。只要回答了这些问题，我们就可以回
答一切关于”you” 的问题。不妨来尝试一下：
- “What’s special about you?”
- “Well, I’m usually really busy.”
好，假设这是我的回答，各位觉得我会”prefer to cook by myself”，
还是“go to a restaurant and have people cook for me?”
我想大部份的各位都会很快地选”go to a restaurant and have
people cook for me” 吧！
那么，可以给理由吗？
让我们马上来试试：
“Because I’m usually really busy, and if I have people cook for
me, I can save a lot of time and do something else.”
能更详尽的解释吗？可以：
“For example, if I have people cook for me, I can just order the
food, and then start to work with my cell phone. I can reply a lot
of e-mails, make phone calls to my clients, or deal with some
paperwork before my food arrives. On the other hand, if I cook buy
myself, I will have to spend time to go to the supermarket to buy
the ingredients, then come back, start a fire, and cook for a long
time. After I finish my meals, I need to wash the dishes myself,
which will take a lot of my precious time.”
为什么我们能够做到？
因为我们掌握了”you” 的关键资讯：”really busy”，自然就能快速判
断“选哪一个答案比较适合”，也能马上知道，要解释的，就是“为什么这
个答案可以适合”really busy” 的人”。
我们马上再试另外一题：
“What do you usually do on the weekends?”
让我们用一样的方式快速架构答案：
指定的对象是谁？”you”马上想到”you” 的关键资讯。发现了吗？可以
使用同一个”really busy”。
接着，马上想答案。问自己：
”I’m really busy, what do I usually do on the weekends?”
答案就出来了：”work”.然后，一个完整的答案，就诞生了：
“Well, I usually work on the weekends.
Because, I’m really busy, and if I work on the weekends, I can do
more work.For example, I can deal with the extra paperwork I
brought home, so before the week starts, I would have everything
ready. Also, I can use the time to make phone calls, reply e-
mails, and get things done, so I will have time to do other tasks
when I go into my office on Monday.”
我使用了“同一个关于”you” 的关键资讯”：”really busy”，因为”
really busy” 就是我对”you” 的定义。而关键特质一旦定义出来，是不
需要改变的！
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各位读者发现了吗？虽然“万用例子”不能使用了，但“万用理由”还是可
能存在的！
请各位马上找一张纸，写下几个“属于你自己的关键资讯”，例如：
“I’m really busy”
“I’m very lazy”
“I’m rich”
“I have no money”
“I’m very outgoing”
接着在纸上，写下根据每个特质，“你想要的结果”是什么，例如：
“I’m really busy” -> “I want to save time” or
“I want to be able to do more things”
“I’m very lazy” -> “I don’t want to move” or
“I want to change and be more hardworking”
“I have no money” -> “I need to save money” or
“I want to earn more money”
“I’m very outgoing” -> “I want to make friends“
“I love to eat” - >“I want try a lot of good food”
这几个“个人特质”和“你想要的结果”，就是之后，题目指定的对象是
”you” 的时候，你的“理由”。
而事前准备好的“理由”，就是我们看到题目时，决定答案的“基准点”！
好了，请各位花一点时间，来试试看下面几题。一题一题来。
先不要限制自己准备和回答时间。练习用你准备好的几个“理由”，来想出
答案，并且试试看能不能发展出解释！
- “What type of music do you enjoy the most? Why?”
- “How would you deal with homesickness?”
- “Which would you prefer, to attend courses that are related to
a specific career, or to attend a variety of courses?”
如何，是不是对“架构答案”变得比较得心应手了？
如果是，那我们接着来看一下刚刚的第二题：
Question:
“What suggestion would you give to a friend, who wants to improve
his scores on the school exams?”
这题的指定对象是谁？是”you” 还是”a friend”？
让我们打个比方，今天各位来问我，“David ，我要准备托福口说，你能不
能给我什么建议？”
如果我说，“哈哈哈！我觉得托福口说超简单的啊，不用准备啦！”各位想
必会觉得很ＸＸ吧！
上述的比方，就是我考虑“我的个人特质”的结果。要给各位建议，就应该
要考虑“各位的个人特质”。所以，我应该要说，“你认为你口说的问题在
哪一方面呢？是发音、语调不好，还是不知道怎么架构答案？”接着，再根
据你的回答，给出建议。
各位看出来了吗？这题的指定对象，应该是”a friend”。因为要给建议，
需要考虑的是“对方的情况”，才能对症下药。
“A friend” 的“个人特质”是什么？“想要什么”？想好了这两点，
“答案”就很容易浮现出来。
一个小提示：建议各位可以真的想一个你的朋友，想想他是什么样的人？有
什么特质？想要什么？
以后，每次出现指定对象是”your friend” 的时候，就马上想到这位朋
友，如此会快非常多！
接着，各位不妨再参考一次我的答案。知道了架构的原理之后，读起来可能
会有不一样的感觉。
Well, I will suggest my friend to cheat.Because my friend is
really stupid, to cheat would seem the easiest and most effective
way for him.For example, all he has to do is to look over his
shoulder, observe the answer from someone else, and copy whatever
he sees. Or, he can simply pay a person, and ask that person to
finish the test for him. On the other hand, if he doesn’t cheat,
he will need to study really really hard. But, maybe it is not
going to pay off. All his efforts might just end in vain.
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事实上，在口说一、二题中，每一题一定都会有一个“指定的对象”，和要
求一个“具体的回答”。
有时候，题目还会额外加注，“请提供详细的例子或提出细节”。然而，即
使题目没有提，我们也应该主动把例子和细节加到我们的答案里。
因为，我们知道，“解释和发展”就是口说一、二题要测试的能力。
最后，
本篇为托福口说系列分享完结篇（我感觉都写完了。。），
一直以来感谢大家的观看（谢幕）！
之前的文章，请小a 搜寻作者earnest ，你会找到将近五十篇我之前写过的
口说分享文，
有其他问题的，爬文后无解，欢迎在板上提出，我会尽量回复！
再会！
～SK2 David