[试题] 108-2现代科学与心灵科学 欧阳彦正

楼主: chein17 (哈哈呵呵)   2021-01-17 01:14:38
课程名称︰现代科学与心灵科学
课程性质︰通识
课程教师︰欧阳彦正
开课学院:电资
开课系所︰资工
考试日期(年月日)︰2020 6 25
考试时限(分钟):120
试题 :
1. 何种科学证据让我们确认恐惧制约的记忆几乎无法消除? (10%)
What kind of scientific evidence shows that it is almost impossible to delete
the memory of fear conditioning? (10%)
实验的观察亦显示,已被消除的某种恐惧制约很容易因为处在某种压力下,又再度出现。
或者举例也可以,例如已被消除以声音作为CS 的老鼠,再受到另一种刺激的惊吓后,又
会恢复以声音作为CS的恐惧制约。
2. 目前忧郁症的治疗药物作用都是阻止某种脑神经传导物质的再回收。请问是那几
种? (9%)
Modern medicines for depression work by suppressing the reabsorbing of certain
neuron transmitters. Please list the neuron transmitters involved. (9%)
正肾上腺素,多巴胺,血清素。
3. 请问以下那几个组织位于忧郁症患者的恶性循环回路中? (10%)
(a)杏仁核; (b)海马回; (c) 视丘; (d)前扣带回; (e)前额叶外缘。
Please identify those tissues in the following list that are in the vicious cy
cle of depression patients. (10%)
(a) amygdala(杏仁核), (b)hippocampus(海马回), (c) thalamus(视丘), (d) anteri
or cingulate gyrus(前扣带回), (e)(exterior of prefrontal lobe) 前额叶外缘.
(a), (d), (e).
4. Zindel V. Segal、J. Mark G. Williams、与John D. Teasdale几位学者运用禅
修的方法治疗忧郁症,成果不错。请问禅修方法的作用机制为何? (5%)
Zindel V. Segal, J. Mark G. Williams, and John D. Teasdale) employed mediation
healing to treat depression patients. What is the mechanism of the mediation
healing?
避免忧郁症复发的方法之一是阻断恶性循环的机制。
5. Sahaja Yoga 的打坐者,在进入深层状态时,思维被抑制,但自我觉知却继续存
在。如果将这样的情形对照唯识学的理论,这时那一层心识运作已经停止,而那一层心识
运作持续运作? (6%)
When a practitioner of Sahaja Yoga enters deep meditation, some level of mind
activities is suppressed but self-awareness/ self-consciousness is still activ
e. Based on the theory of the consciousness-only camp of Buddhism, which level
of consciousness is suppressed in this condition and which level of conscious
ness is still active? (6%)
第六识已停止(若回答前六识已停止也可以),而第七识(或莫那识)仍持续运作。
6. 就生物演化的角度而言,灵性的发展有助于提升族群成员间的合作性进而提高整
体族群的生存率。然而我们却认为发展出社群行为不一定需要透过灵性的发展。请问这样
的主张有何科学上的证据支持?(10%)
From the aspect of biological evolution, spirituality can enhance the collabor
ation among the members in a community and therefore increase the overall surv
ival rate. However, spirituality is not a necessary condition for development
of community behavior. What is the scientific evidence that supports such a cl
aim? (10%)
昆虫类的蚂蚁与蜜蜂以及哺乳类的狼与狮子也都有社群行为,然而只有人类、大猩猩、大
象、以及某些种类的鲸豚等高等物种才能在前扣带回中发现冯伊考诺摩神经元。
7. 我们通称的快乐其实有两个层次的来源,分别为动物性层次的与灵性层次的。请
问这两个层次的快乐如何与佛洛依德的“三我”对应? (6%)
There are two sources of happiness. One source can be defined at the biologica
l level and another source can be defined at the spiritual level. How will you
map the two sources of happiness to the tri-ego(Identity, ego, superego) prop
osed by S.Freud (佛洛伊德)? (6%)
动物性层次的快乐对应到佛洛依德的“本我”,而灵性层次的快乐对应到佛洛依德的“超
我”。
8. 请问绝对主义(categoricalism)的道德观的主要主张是什么? (10%)
What is the main argument of the categorical moral reasoning(绝对主义道德观)?
绝对主义主张道德有客观标准。某些行为绝对是错误或是对的,无论当时的情境或意图如
何。
9. 道家崇尚自然,因此认为“存在即合理”。基于这样的认知,道家认为我们应以
什么样的态度来看待外在世界的一切现象? (5%)
Taoism(道家) practitioners respect natural forces and believe “Being and reas
onable. Based on this principle, what attitude should a Taoism practitioner ad
opt when he/she faces all the events occurring in the physical world? (5%)
任何一件事的发生必有其为何会发生的因素。当造成某件事发生的所有客观条件都成熟时
,这件事的发生只是一种必然的结果。
若回答我们应以“无分别”的心境或者说更大的包容力来看待外在世界的一切现象也可以

10. 我们在课程中提到世界上有那两大类宗教哲学? (6%)
Please list the two major camps of religious philosophy that we addressed in o
ur lectures. (6%)
“一神论”与“宇宙同体论”。
11. 请解释何谓唯识哲学中的“有为”心识活动。(10%)
Please describe the characteristics of the “有为” conscious activities based
on the philosophy of the consciousness-only camp of Buddhism (唯识学). (10%)
一般人意识与潜意识中以自我为中心而有私欲性的心识活动。
12. 请问“名,可名,非常名”,这句话如何解释? (10%)
Please explain the meaning of the following sentence from Chinese philosopher
Laozi(老子):
”名,可名,非常名” . (10%)
我们每个人观察“物质界”宇宙中一个现象所形成的认知与概念(包括所赋与的意义)也会
各有不同。

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