课程名称︰英语语音学(含发音练习)一
课程性质︰外文系选修
课程教师︰史嘉琳
开课学院：文学院
开课系所︰外国语文学系
考试日期（年月日）︰2015.12.23
考试时限（分钟）：约50分钟
试题 :
[试题含部份IPA符号，若无法显示，附以< >加注名称]
Introduction to Phonetics: Test on Ladefoged, Chapter Four
Decemer 23, 2015
1. What is a "diphthong"? (10%)
2. The simple vowel (monophthong) is written /ɑ/ <script a>, but in the
diphthongs /aɪ/, /aʊ/, /a/ is used instead. Why?
What is often true of the vowels with which diphthongs begin and end,
compared to monophthongs? (10%)
3. Why do you think dictionaries compiled and published in the US usually use
an ad hoc system of pronunciation rather than e.g. IPA symbols? b. What are
the advantages and disadvantages of such and ad hoc system? (8%)
4. (a) What is rhotacization?
(b) Is it mainly an articulatory or an auditory feature?
(c) Explain the difference between an "articulatory" and an "auditory"
feature. (5 x 3 = 15%)
5. Give two sets of examples (three examples in each set) of words
illustrating: (a) a full vowel in a stressed syllable; (b) a full vowel in
an unstressed syllable; and (c) a reduced vowel in an unstressed syllable.
(a) __________ (b) __________ (c) __________
(a) __________ (b) __________ (c) __________
In each set, try to use words that are related. Underline the vowel being
illustrated, and give the IPA symbol(s) in brackets for each vowel
illustrated (a total of six words and six IPA notations). (3 x 6 = 18%)
6. Name a vowel (including diphthongs) that does not occur before /ʃ/
<long S>. (5%)
7. What is the most important phonological difference regarding distribution of
occurrence between tense and lax vowels? (10%)
8. Write out a phonological rule for the allophonic phenomena illustrated in
the shaded of the items below: (6 x 4 = 24%)
～
a. sand [ｓæｎｄ]
b. speed [ｓｐｉ：ｄ] (compare to: ['ｓｐｉｄəｌｉ])
ə
c. peel [ｐｉ ｌ] <l: dark l>
　　　　　　　　　 h　　 h
d. potato [ｐ ə'ｔ ｅɪ╭ｏʊ] <╭: tap>
。