新闻来源：https://reurl.cc/xZjjb4
作者：Craig Calcaterra
原标题：
The details of how the 2020 baseball season will be played are...intense
(前文恕删)
Schedule
Teams will be playing most games against their own division and a handful of
interleague games against the corresponding division from the other league.
Specifically, each team will play 10 games against the other four teams in
its division in come combination of two-game and three-game series. The
remaining 20 games will be interleague contests, East vs. East, Central vs.
Central, West vs. West. Six of those 20 will be “rivalry” games, such as
Mets vs. Yankees and Cubs vs. White Sox. How the other games will break down
is unknown.
There will be no scheduled doubleheaders so as to limit time spent in a
ballpark on a given day. Postponements will be made up, as usual, via
doubleheaders.
There are, as of yet, no specific schedules circulating.
Rule Changes
We’ve had some piecemeal reports of rule changes, including the runner on
second base rule. Other rule changes:
Universal DH, which has long been reported as part of the plan. As of now it
will only apply to the 2020 season and pitchers will be batting again in
2021, assuming at least 2021 is a normal season. That could be renegotiated
before next year, however;
The league is abandoning its new rule which would have allowed position
players to pitch only in certain situations. It’s now all-hands-on-deck at
any time;
Games that start but then are stopped due to rain before the fifth inning
will no longer be considered washouts that don’t count. They will be
considered suspended games that will be resumed at the point where they were
stopped at a later date. The purpose of this rule is to stop the practice of
keeping people in the ballpark for hours on end to make a game “official.”
The “three-batter-rule” for relief pitchers implemented for this year WILL
remain as planned, though it may be relaxed in “spring” training.
Rosters/Transactions
Teams have been under a transaction freeze since March, prohibiting trades
and signings. That freeze ends Friday at noon eastern time;
Teams will carry 30 players on the active roster for the first two weeks of
the season and 28 for the two weeks after that before reducing to 26 for the
rest of the way;
With no minor leagues, teams will be allowed to retain 60 players overall, as
opposed to a 40-man roster, with those beyond the active roster as set forth
above existing on a taxi squad. Three players from the taxi squad can travel
with a team to a game. One of the three must be a catcher;
The injured list for pitchers was supposed to change to 15 days from 10 days.
It will now remain at ten days;
The trade deadline will be August 31. The active roster deadline for
postseason eligibility is September 15;
Equipment
Hitters will now have to bring their own pine-tar rags, bat donuts and other
equipment with them to and from the on-deck circle;
There will be no bat boys/girls or ball boys/girls. Bat and ball delivery
will be handled by other team staff;
Pitchers will now have to bring their own rosin bag to the mound and use
their own personal baseballs for bullpen sessions;
Hitters who were at the plate and runners left on base will have to go back
to the dugout to get their caps, gloves and sunglasses when an inning ends
rather than have someone run them out to them;
Baseballs used in batting practice can be used only that day, after which
they will need to be cleaned and sanitized and not be re-used for five days.
Personal habits, physical contact
Spitting is prohibited, including sunflower seed shells. Smokeless tobacco is
prohibited. Chewing gum is allowed;
Pitchers licking their fingers is prohibited. Pitchers will be permitted to
carry a “wet rag” in their pocket to moisten their fingers before pitches;
Fighting and instigating fights are strictly prohibited and will be handled
with “severe discipline.” Players may not make physical contact with any
other players outside of making tags and other incidental contact that might
normally occur in the course of a game. This includes high fives, fist bumps
and hugs, which are prohibited;
Showering at the ballpark is “discouraged but not prohibited.” Even then,
only people in uniform and active dugout/clubhouse staff can shower there.
The GM, for example, can’t come down and have a shvitz after a workout in
the weight room during the game.
COVID-19 Testing
All “covered individuals” — which refers to players, coaches, staff, and
basically anyone who will be involved in baseball operations, will submit a
symptoms/exposure questionnaire before arriving at spring training. Basically
a “what I did during my quarantine” report;
Covered individuals will also undergo a temperature check, a COVID-19 saliva
or nose swab test, and a blood test for antibodies before arriving at spring
training;
After reporting, covered individuals will have their temperature and symptoms
checked at least twice per day. Anyone with a temperature above 100.4 degrees
can’t enter a ball park;
If a fever or other COVID symptoms develop once someone is at the ballpark
they must isolate ASAP. Teams must then conduct contact tracing procedures to
see who the person interacted with and clean/disinfect all facilities;
Players, coaches, trainers, and others who have close physical contact with
players will have saliva tests every other day. Everyone else in and around
ballparks and team operations will undergo testing multiple times per week.
Results are supposed to come back in 24 hours;
Those who test positive, obviously, cannot have any contact with the team and
will be placed in a special sort of injured list called the COVID-19 Related
Injured List, which does not have a time limit like the normal injured list;
Players placed on the COVID-19 injured list do have a path to return.
Specifically, they have to test negative twice at least 24 hours apart,
cannot have had a fever in at least 72 hours, and must have taken an antibody
test. Above all of that, doctor signoff and signoff of a joint COVID-19
committee created by the league and the union, must approve as well;
Those who merely show symptoms but whose tests come back negative can resume
contact with the team once test results are returned AND they are showing no
symptoms AND get doctor signoff;
As previously reported, MLB’s testing will be handled by baseball’s
anti-doping laboratory in Utah;
Players will NOT sign an “acknowledgement of risk” waiver form that MLB had
proposed during negotiations
Players, family members at high-risk for/due to COVID-19
Teams will identify “high risk” personnel, with “high risk” defined as
people “who, by virtue of their age and/or medical history, are at a
materially higher risk of developing severe illness or complications from
COVID-19 exposure”;
High risk personnel will be afforded special accommodations, including
separate entrances to the park, separate private spaces at a ball park, will
be allowed to spend as little time at the park as is necessary to do their
job;
High risk players may sit out the 2020 season. If they do, they will be
placed on the COVID-19 Related Injured List. High-risk players who sit out
the season will be paid and will receive service time. Pay/employment or
high-risk employees who are not players and who choose to sit out will be
handled on a team-by-team basis, obviously subject to normal
health/disability laws;
Players who live with or are regularly in close contact with individuals at
high risk also could sit out, but would not automatically receive pay and
service. It is widely expected, however, that teams may relax this or
accommodate this in other ways. For example, if a players’ wife goes into
labor, the player could go on the paternity list, which is paid, and have
that time extended given the unusual and/or risky circumstances, well, all of
this presents for people in that situation. Mike Trout’s wife is expected to
have a baby in August, for example. You have to figure that the Angels are
not gonna dock his pay if it takes him extra time to come back from that;
MLB and the union have created four-person committee to oversee health
matters: one doctor appointed by both sides, and one representative from both
of the parties. That committee is expected to settle any problems or disputes
that result from the unique circumstances of the 2020 season.
Media
Media access to players will be limited. It is expected that video press
conference, as opposed to one-on-one or scrum interviews will take place
after games. Zoom and other forms of video chat will likely be used as well;
Press will be allowed in the stadiums but won’t be allowed to get near the
players;
There will be no visiting broadcast teams. The home broadcast video/audio
crew will provide a common feed to the visiting team’s RSN and will be
required to be even-handed as far as where video/sound is focused during the
game for neutrality purposes. Visiting broadcasters will call games remotely.
大略翻译一下
比赛行程
大部分的比赛将会遇到同分区的球队，少数的跨联盟比赛将对上相对应分区的球队。具体
来说，每一队会以两场和三场系列赛的方式，分别和同区其他四支球队打10场比赛。剩下
的20场比赛会是跨联盟比赛，东区对东区、中区对中区、西区对西区。20场中的6场比赛将
会是“世仇对决”，例如洋基vs.大都会、小熊vs.白袜。其余的对决怎么安排仍是未知数
。
原订行程中不会有双重赛，以限制球员在球场的时间。若有延期的比赛则和往常一样安排
双重赛补上。
到目前为止，还没有具体的时间行程表。
规则改变
我们有一些关于规则更改的零散报告，包括延长赛的突破僵局制(从二垒有人开始)，其他
的规则改变有：
全面采用DH(指定打击)制，这个计画早已被报导为新赛季的一部分。到目前为止，这项改
变只限定于2020赛季，而如果2021赛季是个正常的赛季的话，投手仍会继续打击。不过，
这可能会在明年之前重新协商。
舍弃规定野手只能在特殊情况上场投球的限制。(注：原本规定要在延长赛或是分差在六分
以上野手才能投球) 现在所有人在任何时候都待命著。
原本在五局前因雨势而停止的比赛不再被视为不算数，会在一段时间之后从停止的地方继
续进行。目的是为了不让人员停留在球场好几个小时以完成“正式的”比赛。
“Three-Batter Minimum”的规则依旧保留(注：投手必须要投满三个人次才能换人)，
尽管在“春训”中有可能会放宽限制。
名单/交易
自3月以来的冻结状态，包括禁止交易和签约，将在美东时间星期五中午解冻。
每支球队在赛季的前两周有30人名单，两周后变成28人，再过两周就变成26人。
在没有小联盟比赛的情况下，每支球队从40人扩充为60人名单。客队比赛时可以在名单里
额外带上三名选手，但其中一个必须是捕手。
投手的IL天数从15天变成10天。
交易大限改为8月31日。球员能够取得季后赛出赛资格的期限改为9月15日。
装备
打击准备时，球员现在要自己将练打的装备拿上去和下来。
不会有帮忙捡球棒或球的球僮，这些工作会交由球队其他的工作人员来做。
投手现在必须自己带着止滑粉袋上投手丘，在牛棚练投时则必须使用自己私人的球。
攻守交换时，打者和垒上的跑者必须跑回去休息区拿他们的帽子、手套和太阳眼镜，而不
是假手他人。
用于打击练习的球只能在当天使用，之后必须要清洁和消毒，五天后方可再度使用。
个人习惯/肢体接触
禁止吐东西，包含葵花籽壳。禁止无菸烟草，但嚼口香糖是被允许的。
投手不可以舔他们的手指，他们被允许在口袋放一块湿抹布以弄湿手指。
严禁斗殴和煽动斗殴的行为，违反者将课以严厉的处罚。除了触杀和比赛中常发生的接触
以外，球员不可以跟其他球员有肢体上的接触，包括击掌、击拳和拥抱。
“不鼓励但不禁止”在球场淋浴。即便如此，也只有球员和休息区/室的员工能够在那边
淋浴。例如球队的GM就不能在那边洗三温暖。
病毒检测
所有棒球工作相关的人，必须在春训前缴交一份问卷调查，基本上是一个“你在隔离期间
做了什么”的报告。
在参加春训之前，所有人必须接受体温检查、武汉肺炎的唾液或鼻腔筛检，以及检测抗体
的血液筛检。
在这之后，所有人每天量体温和检查相关症状至少两次。任何人体温高于100.4度(摄氏38
度)将无法进入球场。
如果有人在球场出现发烧或武肺的症状，必须尽快地的隔离该人员。球队必须追踪他的接
触史并消毒球场所有设施。
球员、教练和训练员等会和球员亲密接触的人员，将每隔一天进行唾液筛检。其他人则是
每周内进行数次筛检。结果会在24小时内出来。
那些中镖的球员显然不能和球队有任何的接触，并且会被放入一个和武肺相关的伤兵名单
，这个名单不像正常的伤兵名单有时间限制。
中镖的球员要回归的话，必须在间隔24小时的两次检测中呈现阴性、至少72小时不能发烧
，而且必须接受抗体检测。最重要的是，通过医生、联盟和工会成立的联合委员会的签字
许可。
那些有症状但检测结果为阴性的球员，一旦检测结果回传、没有症状且通过医生许可后，
便可以恢复与球队的接触。
正如之前所报导的那样，MLB的检测工作由犹他州的实验室负责。
球员不会签署之前由联盟于谈判中提出的“风险认知”的免责声明书。
球员和亲属等高风险族群
球队会划分出“高风险”人员，定义为因年龄或疾病史，在罹患武肺之后会很大机率会有
严重的症状或并发症的人。
高风险人员会有独特的住宿，包括进入球场的单独入口、球场内的单独空间，并且被允许
缩短他们在球场工作的时间。
高风险的球员可能会缺席2020赛季。如果他们这样做，将会被列入特殊的伤兵名单，并且
获得薪水与年资。非球员的员工如果选择缺席，交由各队依法处理。
本身不是，但身边接触的人为高风险族群的球员也可以选择不打，但不会获得薪水与年资
。然而，球队可以视情况松绑这项规定，举例来说，如果一位球员的妻子即将临盆，球员
可以进入陪产名单，而这是有薪资的，并允许视情况延长请假的时间。Mike Trout的妻子
预计于八月生产，如果他需要额外的时间才能回来，天使队是不会扣他的薪资的。
联盟和工会已经成立了四人的委员会来管理健康事务，由双方指定的医生和代表组成。
该委员会将负责解决任何因2020赛季的特殊情况所产生的纷争。
媒体
媒体将禁止贴身访问球员。预计会在赛后以线上视讯的方式举行记者会，而不是以往记者
一对一或争相采访球员，有可能是用Zoom或其他方式进行。
媒体被允许入场，但禁止靠近任何球员。
转播团队将不会随着球队移动。主场的转播单位必须提供客场转播单位公正、公平的讯号
，后者将远距离播报比赛。