※ [本文转录自 NY-Yankees 看板]
作者: leddy (耿秋) 看板: NY-Yankees
标题: [统计]Zone Rating的进一步说明
时间: Wed May 16 16:46:01 2007
针对先前版友echomica提的防守区域内外的定义, 找了一下发现这篇
Chris Dial对Zone Rating的进一步解释, 顺便翻译一下:
soure from http://0rz.tw/a42FA
Saturday, November 05, 2005
What is Zone Rating?
What is Zone Rating?
什么是防守区域评价
Basically, ZR is the percentage of balls fielded by a player in his typical
defensive ‘zone’, as measured by STATS reporters.
基本上，防守区域评价(ZR)是防守球员在属于他(典型的)的防守区对于球守备的百
分率，由STATS的记录员进行测量。
The first part of understanding Zone Rating is understanding how the field is
divided up.
了解防守区域评价的第一步是要先知道球场在作防守区域评价时是如何画分的。
The field is divided into 22 equal ‘slices’. Each slice runs from home
plate to the outfield fence. The first slice running along the left field
line is Zone ‘C’. (Zones A, B, Y and Z are in foul territory). The last
zone is Zone ‘X’. Like any ‘pie’ slice, or wedge, gets wider as you
approach the outfield wall. Zone C is about 7 feet wide at the third base
bag, and about 20 feet wide at 300 feet from home plate.
The next 21 zones (D - X) divide the field equally until you get to the right
field line. The dividing line between zones M and N runs right over second
base, splitting the field in half.
球场被切割成22个相等的"片状"，每一片是从本垒板延伸到外野的墙。第一个片状
是延著球场左侧界外线, 即是区域"C" (A, B, Y和Z区域则是在界外区)。最后一个区域
则是区域"X"。就像任何"派"的片状, 或楔子型，越接近外野的墙范围变得越大。区域C
在三垒垒包大约是7呎宽，在距离本垒板三百呎时大约是20呎宽。
往下21个区域(由D到X)则是到球场右侧界外线将球场分为相同的21个片状。区域M和
N的分割线正好穿越二垒的垒包，将球场分成两半。(详情请看以下网址的图)
STATS ZR zone grid
STATS ZR 防守区域的格子如以下网址所示
http://www.baseballthinkfactory.org/szymborski/zrgrid.jpg
(注：横向分为22块，纵向则用距离分为8分，这是STATS的分法，共176格
John Dewan则分为260, 目前找不到图，我猜应该是26 x 10的分法)
With this division of the field understood, ZR becomes much easier to
visualize.
有了对球场区域划分的了解后，防守区域评价(ZR)就变得更容易去想像。
For infielders, only ground balls are considered for zone rating. Line
drives, pop-ups and fly balls are not included. This serves to, oh so
slightly, under-rate the defensive value of all infielders, but presently
this information is not readily available. First basemen are responsible for
all bunts that travel more than 40 feet and land in his area of
responsibility.
对内野手而言，防守区域的评价只考虑到滚地球。平飞球，小飞球(不营养飞球)和
高飞球则并未纳入。这种作法，可能稍许低估了所有内野手防守的价值，但目前滚地球
以外的资讯还不容易取得。一垒手负责所有超过40呎同时落在他防守区域内的牺牲触击
球。
Zones of Responsibility
防守责任的区域
While each ball is recorded for location, distance and speed, not every ball
is a defensive player’s responsibility. That is, only balls that could
reasonably be fielded from a typical defensive position are considered to be
in a player’s zone.
虽然每一球都记录了位置，距离和速度，但不是每一球都是防守球员所需负责的。
换言之，只有球是落在典型的防守的位置，合理地能被守备球员接捕，才被落入防守球
员的防守区域。
Infield
内野
First Base: The first baseman is responsible for covering zones V through X,
the three zones closest to the right field line. This includes all grounders
hit within approximately 25 feet of the right field line, and anything right
up the line as well.
一垒：一垒手的防守责任涵盖了区域V到区域X，这三个区域是最接近球场右边的界外线。
防守责任包括了所有打向接近右边界外线25呎范围内，以及任何恰好落在右边界外线上
的滚地球。
Second Base: The second baseman is responsible for zones O through T. The
left boundary of Zone N is second base, so the right boundary (about 8 feet
from second) is where the second baseman’s zone starts, and runs up to Zone
U. Notice that Zone U is not in anyone’s zone. It is ‘the hole’ on the
right side and not an infielder’s ‘responsibility’.
二垒：二垒手则负责从区域O到区域T。区域N的左线是二垒，所以区域N的右界(大约从二
垒垒包八呎左右)是二垒手防守区域的开始处，然后延伸至区域U的左界。注意区域U不属
于任何野手的防守区域，这里是球场内野防守"漏洞"的所在并不属于任一个内野手的责
任区。
Third: The third baseman is responsible for covering zones C through F, the
four zones closest to the left field line. This includes all grounders hit
within approximately 35 feet of the right field line, and anything right up
the line as well.
三垒：三垒手的防守责任区涵盖了区域C到区域F，这四个区域是最接近球场右边的界外
线。防守责任包括打到到接右边界外线35呎的范围内，以及任何恰好落在界外线上的滚
地球。
Shortstop: The shortstop is responsible for zones H through L. The right
boundary of Zone M is second base, so the left boundary (about 8 feet from
second) is where the shortstop’s zone starts, and runs up to Zone G. Notice
that Zone G is not in anyone’s zone. It is ‘the hole’ on the left side and
not an infielder’s ‘responsibility’.
游击手：游击手则负责从区域H到区域L。区域M的右界是二垒。所以区域M的左界(大约从
二垒垒包8呎左右)是游击手防守区域的开始处，然后延伸到区域G的右界。注意区域G也不
属于任何防守员的防守区，这区域就球场内野防守"漏洞"的地方，不属于任何内野手的防
守"责任区"。
Outfield
Outfielders are assigned two zones: one for line drives and one for fly
balls. Since line drives aren’t in the air as long, they have smaller zones.
外野：
外野手被分派两大责任区块：一个区块是平飞球，另一区块则是高飞球。因为平飞
球在空中飞行的时间不长，因此此区块较高飞球为小。
For a ball to be assigned to an outfielder, it must travel a certain
distance. Corner outfielders are responsible for all line drives in their
zones that travel between 280 and 340 feet. They are also responsible for all
fly balls and popups that travel over 200 feet. The center fielder is
responsible for all line drives between 300 and 370 feet and all fly balls
and popups over 200 feet.
当打出的一球被指定为一个外野手的责任时，此球必须飞行某段的距离。左右外野手
负责飞越到他们防守区域，距离在280至340呎平飞球。他们也负责所有的高飞球，以及
飞行超过200呎的小飞球(不营养飞球)。中外野手负责所有飞行距离在300吋到370呎的平
飞球，以及所有的高飞球及超过200呎的小飞球。
The left fielder is responsible for Zones F through H on line drives and C
through I on fly balls and popups. Zone J between the centerfielder and left
fielder is unassigned.
左外野手负责区域F到区域H的平飞球，以及区域C到区域I的高飞球和小飞球。区域
J界于中外野手和左外野手之间，未指定为任何野手的责任区。
The center fielder is responsible for Zones L through O on line drives and K
through P on fly balls and popups.
中外野手负责从区域L到区域O的平飞球，以及区域K到区域P的高飞球及小飞球。
The right fielder is responsible for Zones S through U on line drives and
Zones R through X on fly balls and popups. Zone Q between the centerfielder
and right fielder is unassigned.
右外野手负责从区域S到区域U的平飞球，以及区域R到区域X的高飞球和小飞球。区
域Q界于中外野手和右外野手之间，同样未指定为任何野手的责任区。
On line drives, the zones J and Q are unassigned between the outfielders,
while on fly balls, those zones are covered.
对平飞球而言，除了区域J和区域Q外还有一些未指定给外野手的区域，但是对高飞
球而言这些区域则涵盖在野手的防守区域内。
Using these zones, STATS determines how many balls are hit into each fielder’
s area of responsibility. An infielder’s zone rating is equal to the number
of outs made divided by the number of balls hit into the player’s zone. ‘
Outs Made’ equals every ball fielded within the zone that is turned into an
out, plus all balls fielded outside the zone turned into an out. When a
player fields a ball outside his zone and turns it into an out, it is counted
as both an out and a ‘ball in zone’ for the purposes of calculating his
zone rating. This is a flaw in ZR, as balls outside the zone should be
counted only as an out. Otherwise it takes away a “range” aspect of the
rating.
运用这些区域的划分，STATS决定有多少球被打进每个野手防守责任的区域。一个内
野手的防守区域评价是等于野手拿到的出局数除以打进野手防守区域内的球数。拿到的出
局数等于在防守区域内防守到的球转换为一个出局数，加上打出防守区域外完成的守备达
成的出局数。当一个防守球员在防守区域外完成守备，此守备同时被计为一个出局数及一
个"防守区域内的球"("ball in zone")，以便计算他的防守区域评价。这是旧的防守区域
评价(ZR)的缺失处，防守区域外完成的守备应该只计为一个出局数较好。或是另外将此数
字作为"防守范围"层面的评价。
(STATS ZR的缺失在先前Sean Smith的文章中已经提过，这也是为何Dewan要提出新的ZR算
法的原因，产生了另外计算防守区域外出局数(ZOO)的算法)
An outfielder’s zone rating is equal to balls hit into his zone which do not
result in hits, divided by the number of balls hit into his zone. The player
is credited with both an ‘out’ and a ‘ball in zone’ for balls caught
outside his zone, just like the infielders.
一个外野手的防守区域评价等于打进其区域内未变成安打的球数，除以打进其防守区
域的球数。一个防守员在防守区域外完成的守备，同样同时计为一个"出局数"和一个"防
守区域内的球"，算法跟内野手计算的方法相同。
This explains exactly how the zones are defined. The reason these zones were
selected is because these are the zones where balls are turned into outs at a
greater than 50% rate. The greater zone is not so much arbitrary, as drawn
from a reasonable expectation that a fielder should make the play, since his
peers do.
上述的内容精确地说明了防守区域如何定义。这些区域的选择是因为以这些区域计算
出局数，出局的比例是大于50%。大一点区域的决定不是那么武断的，而是从队友眼中一
个野手应该能够完成守备(拿到出局数)的合理预期所作的决定。
Chris Dial Posted: November 05, 2005 at 12:01 AM
后记：
另外Dewan的算法和STATS还有一个差异是，DP在STATS算为两个出局数，但Dewan认为应该
纯以区域内完成的出局数计算，所以只计1次，因为双杀的另外一个出局数，应该是传球后
才达成的，故只计一次比较正确。
越看越觉得学问颇大，若有兴趣看看Chris Dial的部落，连问题都颇有学问。