标题:
Why much of the world now feels more threatened by the U.S. than by China or
Russia
(为什么大部分国家感到美国威胁大于中俄)
新闻来源: 原文 https://goo.gl/kQrTdn
(括号内为我的翻译)
If 2017 was the year foreign observers of U.S. politics struggled to decide
where the country was headed, 2018 was the year they came to a conclusion:
not in the right direction. Far more people around the world now believe that
their countries are threatened by U.S. power and influence under President
Trump than they are by the other global heavyweights, Russia or China,
according to a new Pew Research Center survey released on Sunday.
(如果2017年是观察美国政治的外国观察者们搞不清楚这个国家往何处去的一年，2018年
则是他们得出结论的一年：不在正确的方向。据皮尤研究中心周日发布的一项新调查[1]
显示，全球有更多人认为川普总统领导下的美国霸权对他们的国家造成威胁，而不是其他
重量级国家，像俄罗斯或中国。)
While 45 percent of respondents in 26 large countries interviewed between May
and August last year said that the United States posed “a major threat to
our country,” only 36 percent said the same about Russia and 35 percent
about China. Back in 2013 — under President Barack Obama — only 25 percent
of global respondents held that view about the United States, while 34
percent considered China to be a major threat to their countries at the time.
Data for Russia were not available that year.
(去年5月至8月期间接受采访的26个大国中有45％的受访者表示，美国对该国构成了“重
大威胁”，只有36％的受访者认为是俄罗斯，35％认为是中国。早在2013年， 在美国总
统欧巴马领导下，只有25％的全球受访者认为美国是当时的主要威胁，而34％的受访者认
为是中国。当年没有俄罗斯的数据。)
During Trump’s first year in office, global approval of U.S. leadership
began to drop significantly, with 38 percent saying they viewed the United
States as a threat — compared to 33 percent saying the same about Russia and
34 percent about China. While China’s standing appears to have remained
largely unchanged since, the percentage of people who now consider the United
States a threat has almost doubled within just half a decade.
(在川普执政的第一年，美国领导层的全球支持度开始显著下降，38％的人表示他们认为
美国是一种威胁。相比之下，33％的人认为俄罗斯造成威胁，34％的人认为中国造成威胁
。中国的地位基本保持不变，但现在认为美国构成威胁的比例在短短五年内几乎翻了一番
。)
The sudden rise of the United States as a perceived major threat in other
countries likely comes down to a number of different factors. The most
prominent one is Trump. His trade wars and affronts against traditional
alliances have unsettled U.S. partners and allies in Europe and other parts
of the world, where “U.S. power and influence,” as the Pew survey phrased
it, has become tightly associated with Trump himself. While 49 percent of
Germans said they considered “U.S. power and influence” to be a top
security concern, only 30 percent said the same about Russia. (The ratio of
Germans fearing U.S. power is in fact now higher than the share of Russians
who are concerned about the United States.) In Britain, which prides itself
for having a special relationship with the United States, 37 percent still
said they feared Washington’s leadership posed a threat to their nation, too.
(美国作为其他国家的主要威胁突然上升，可能归结为许多不同的因素。最明显的是川普
。他的贸易战和对传统盟友的侮辱，使欧洲和世界其他地区的盟友十分不安。“美国霸权
和影响力”正如皮尤调查所表明的那样，已经与川普本人紧密联系在一起。 49％的德国
人表示他们认为“美国霸权和影响力”成为最重要的安全问题，只有30％的人对俄罗斯表
示同样的看法。 （德国人担心美国霸权的比例实际上高于俄罗斯人关切美国的比例。）
英国以与美国有特殊关系而自豪，但37％的受访者仍然表示他们害怕华盛顿对他们的国家
构成威胁。)
Support remained high in countries with large conservative electorates,
including Poland and Hungary, as well as Israel, where Trump was applauded
last year for moving the U.S. Embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem.
(在拥有大量保守选民的国家，包括波兰、匈牙利以及以色列，川普支持率依然居高不下
。去年川普因将美国大使馆从特拉维夫迁至耶路撒冷而受到称赞。)
In Latin America, Trump’s hard-line immigration policies and his insistence
on building a wall on the U.S. border with Mexico have earned him few
friends, however. In all three surveyed Latin American countries — Brazil,
Argentina and Mexico — more than half the population said the United States
posed a major threat.
(在拉丁美洲，川普强硬的移民政策以及他坚持在美国与墨西哥边境修建隔离墙的努力使
他几乎没有朋友。在所有三个受调查的拉丁美洲国家 ：巴西，阿根廷和墨西哥中， 超过
一半人口表示美国构成了一个重大威胁。)
Animosity toward the United States was also high in countries directly
impacted by Trump’s highest-stakes act of diplomacy so far. Despite Trump’s
summit with Kim Jong Un, a vast majority of people in South Korea and Japan
said U.S. power and influence were perilous. The Pew survey was conducted
while negotiations between the United States and North Korea were still
ongoing, so the data may not fully capture public opinion in those two
countries by the end of last year. But for a president who has said that “
everyone thinks” he should get a Nobel Peace Prize for his role in the North
Korea talks, the Pew data may be disappointing.
(受到川普的高风险外交行动直接影响的国家，迄今为止对美国的敌意也很高。尽管川普
与金正恩举行了峰会，但韩国和日本的绝大多数人都认为美国的霸权和影响力是危险的。
皮尤调查是和美朝之间的谈判同时进行的，因此截至去年年底，这些数据可能无法完全反
映这两个国家的公众舆论。但对于一位曾表示“每个人都认为”他应该以在朝鲜会谈中的
角色获得诺贝尔和平奖的总统来说，皮尤数据可能令人失望。)
The survey comes at a time when Trump also appears to be following through on
his promises to withdraw troops from Syria and Afghanistan, effectively
disengaging from international conflicts, despite warnings by allies that the
time may not be right. Trump’s rhetoric and unpredictable attacks on allies
and foes alike also appear to have made him a bigger target of public
animosity than the human rights violations committed by other major powers.
China’s brutal detention campaign of up to 1 million Uighurs and other
minorities appears to weigh less heavily in the survey, perhaps because China
’s human rights violations have so far been restricted to certain groups.
Only 22 percent of Swedes said they considered China to be a major threat.
(这项调查是在川普正履行其从叙利亚和阿富汗撤军的承诺时进行的。尽管盟国警告时间
可能不合适，但美国此举有效地脱离了国际冲突。川普对盟友和敌人不可预测的言词攻击
，似乎也使他本身成为更大的公敌，而不是其他大国犯下的侵犯人权行为。中国对多达
100万维吾尔族和其他少数民族的残酷拘留似乎在调查中影响较小，也许是因为中国的侵
犯人权行为迄今仅限于某些群体。只有22％的瑞典人表示他们认为中国是一个主要威胁。
)
Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014 and its attempts to meddle in Western
elections have infuriated (some) leaders of the affected countries, but
concerns over Moscow’s intentions are far less pronounced elsewhere.
(俄罗斯在2014年吞并克里米亚及其干涉西方选举的企图激怒了（一些）受影响国家的领
导人，但对莫斯科的担忧在其他地方则不那么明显。)
Russia and China may be deeply unpopular in some places, but in international
rankings they’re still able to balance those sentiments out. In China’s
case, significant financial investments abroad may have helped, while Russia’
s military maneuvers have so far rarely extended beyond Europe and parts of
the Middle East.
(俄罗斯和中国在某些地方可能会非常不受欢迎，但在国际排名中，他们仍然可以平衡这
些情绪。在中国的例子中，海外的重大金融投资可能有所帮助，而俄罗斯的军事演习迄今
为止很少超出欧洲和中东部分地区。)
In comparison, animosity and skepticism toward the United States are
relatively evenly distributed across the globe, likely reflecting both the
country’s large footprint in various regions and particularly strong
feelings on Trump.
(相比之下，对美国的仇恨和怀疑在全球范围内相对均匀分布，可能反映了该国在各地区
的庞大足迹以及对川普的强烈感受。)
Trump may be able to find some comfort in the fact that the United States is
actually not considered the world’s biggest threat by the citizens of the 26
polled nations. Instead, climate change came out on top last year, followed
by the Islamic State group.
(川普或许能够找到一些安慰，因为美国实际上并不被26个被调查国家的公民视为世界上
最大的威胁。相反，气候变化去年排在首位，其次是伊斯兰国家集团。)
Trump’s perception of global threats doesn’t appear to be exactly aligned
with that view of the world, however. One of the president’s early moves was
to withdraw from the Paris climate accord that aimed to lower the emissions
most believe are behind climate change, followed by his more recent victory
claim over the Islamic State and withdrawal of the troops confronting it.
(然而，川普对全球威胁的看法似乎并不完全符合这种世界观。总统的早期行动之一是退
出巴黎气候协议，该协议旨在降低被普遍认定是造成气候变化的排放量，接着是他最近对
伊斯兰国口头宣称胜利，而撤出与其对抗的部队。)
[1] https://goo.gl/qgzdWG (皮尤调查原文)
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