波兰新历史政策 避开纳粹屠杀 改谈…
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（美联社）波兰执政党正试图透过控制人们对过去的看法，来塑造这个国家的未来。
Poland's governing party is seeking to shape the country's future by
controlling perceptions of the past.
保守派法律正义党的策略包括使用博物馆、电影、公共电视及其他工具来宣扬波兰历史上
某些事件，像是二战后对共产党的抵抗。不过，更具争议性的则是，企图压制关于一些令
人痛苦主题的讨论与研究，主要是波兰人在纳粹占领时期加诸犹太人的暴行。
The conservative Law and Justice party's strategy includes the use of
museums, film, public television and other tools to promote certain episodes
in Poland’s history, like the anti-communist resistance after World War II.
More controversial, though, are attempts to suppress discussion and research
into painful topics, primarily Polish violence against Jews during the Nazi
occupation.
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纳粹德国占领波兰期间，数百名犹太人在耶德瓦布被波兰邻居屠杀。图为当地天主教主教
与犹太社群领袖2011年时追悼情景。（美联社）
法律正义党将这些行动视为借由对历史的控制建立更强大民族国家的任务。总统杜达说，
国家的新“历史政策攻势”旨在创造出爱国的新世代，并“建立我国在国际空间中的位置
。”法律正义党自去年起成为后共产主义时期权力最大的政党。
Law and Justice, which since last year has wielded more power than any party
in post-communist times, sees the moves as harnessing history in a mission to
build a stronger nation state. President Andrzej Duda said the nation's new “
historical policy offensive” aims to create a new generation of patriots and
“to build up the country's position in the international space.”
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波兰总统杜达（左）。美联社
批评者则认为，历史修正主义除了让这个民族自我感觉良好外几乎没有作用，还有碍对该
国战时历史的诚实检讨，而这段历史是个极其复杂的故事，其中既有苦难与最崇高的英勇
事迹，却也不乏波兰人谋杀和背叛手无寸铁的犹太人事例。
Critics see historical revisionism that will produce little beyond national
self-righteousness and will prevent an honest reckoning with the country's
wartime history — an extremely complex story that includes suffering and
heroism of the highest order but also cases of murder and betrayal by Poles
of defenseless Jews.
华沙犹太历史研究所所长史匹瓦克说：“他们想要限制我们对过去的看法。他们想要使用
国家机器来强推他们对政治历史的新看法，这非常危险。”
“They want to narrow our view of the past,” said Pawel Spiewak, director of
the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw. “They want to use the state
apparatus to force their new view of political history, and this is very
dangerous.”
联合报／陈韦廷 报导
联合报／柯永辉、游艾玲、刘宜峰 制作
主图／美联社
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