※ [本文转录自 Gossiping 看板 #1c3N9ivI ]
作者: tobetwob (WHO FCTC 菸草减害专家) 看板: Gossiping
标题: [新闻] 尼古丁袋正变得越来越受欢迎 以下是健康
时间: Wed Apr 3 23:14:48 2024
1.媒体来源:
CNN
2.记者署名:
泰勒·尼西奥利（Taylor Nicioli）
3.完整新闻标题:
尼古丁袋正变得越来越受欢迎 以下是健康专家担忧的原因
Nicotine pouches for your mouth are becoming increasingly popular. Here’s
why health experts are concerned
4.完整新闻内文:
Zyn 是一种无烟尼古丁袋，去年逐渐变得越来越受欢迎。该公司表示，该产品面向已
使用菸草或尼古丁产品的成年人。Shelby Knowles/Bloomberg/Getty Images
CNN
—
在过去的一年里，一种相对新的无烟和无菸的尼古丁产品吸引了一波新用户：放置在牙龈
上并在使用时几乎无法察觉的口腔尼古丁袋。
美国于 2014 年推出的领先品牌 Zyn 在 2023 年出货了 3.5 亿罐，每罐约 15 个口袋，
与去年相比增长了 62%，菲利普·莫里斯国际公司在 2 月份宣布。
尽管该产品的目标是已经使用尼古丁的成年人，但一些健康专业人士和研究人员担心，这
种关注可能会吸引一大批全新的用户，尤其是年轻人。
菲利普·莫里斯国际公司的一位发言人在一封电子邮件中表示，Zyn 不使用社交媒体影响
者进行市场营销，并且针对美国受众的 Facebook 和 Instagram 上的公司社交媒体帖子
已经进行了 21 岁及以上的年龄闸门设置。然而，美国各地的大学都看到了 Zyn 在校园
中的使用量增加，而社交媒体上出现了一种新型的非官方尼古丁影响者 —— “
Zynfluencer”。
参议院多数党领袖查克·舒默最近呼吁联邦贸易委员会和食品和药物管理局监管机构调
查 Zyn 的市场营销策略和健康影响。他在一月份的新闻发布会上说：“我要向父母发出
警告，因为这些尼古丁袋似乎把目光锁定在年轻孩子身上 —— 青少年，甚至更小的孩
子 —— 然后使用社交媒体来吸引他们。”
以下是专家对该产品健康风险的看法。
尼古丁口袋是否比电子烟更好？
菸草是已知的致癌物，可以引起多种癌症。根据美国癌症协会的说法，吸烟是肺癌的主要
原因。Zyn 及其他品牌的尼古丁袋，如 Rogue、On! 和 Velo，将其口袋市场定位为吸
烟和使用菸草的代用品。
尽管使用尼古丁袋不需要像吸烟或使用电子烟那样吸入化学物质，但内布拉斯加医学
院的肺部疾病和胸外科护士执业者 Kecia Christensen 目前不建议使用袋产品作为戒
菸的手段。
“这些公司正试图推出无菸草相关的尼古丁形式，让人们尝试戒除尼古丁成瘾……我认为
，这类产品的问题在于，除非它们完全受到 FDA 的监管，否则我告诉我的患者的是，‘
我不确定这些东西中究竟含有什么，’” Christensen 说道，她也是一名注册的戒菸治
疗专家。
谁应该担心肺癌？医生解释
根据公司的说法，菲利普·莫里斯国际公司向 FDA 提出的授权申请自 2020 年以来一直
在等待审批。然而，FDA 官员允许这种无菸草尼古丁产品在申请审查期间继续上市。
Christensen 表示，虽然需要进一步研究该产品，如果尼古丁口袋的尼古丁含量逐步减少
到比抽菸或咀嚼菸草时摄入的尼古丁量更少，则对于最终想要完全戒除菸草和尼古丁使用
的人来说，尼古丁袋可能有助于抑制渴望。
数字可能有所不同，但克里斯滕森通常告诉患者，一支香烟中的尼古丁含量约为每支 5
到 10 毫克，实际吸入的尼古丁量可能少于这个数字。尼古丁袋的尼古丁含量各不相同
；每个口袋中的尼古丁含量最常见为 3 或 6 毫克，但有些品牌的口袋中的尼古丁含量甚
至高达 28 毫克。
尼古丁成瘾与心理健康
根据克里斯滕森（Christensen）的说法，很多试图戒除菸草的患者最终会通过电子菸而
不是菸草，有时甚至比吸烟更容易成瘾。这是因为电子烟更容易使用，通常在室内使用，
而不是在户外吸烟休息时间，她说。尼古丁袋甚至更加隐蔽，一个小袋尺寸为 0.6 英
寸 × 1.1 至 1.3 英寸（14 毫米 × 28 至 32 毫米），类似于一块口香糖，几乎可以
在任何地方放入口中，而其他人都不会知道。
研究建议，与帮助减肥不同，吸烟会导致更多的腹部脂肪。
依赖尼古丁会导致渴望和戒断症状，如烦躁、头痛、头晕和疲劳。根据国家癌症研究所的
说法，研究人员发现，长期使用可能与心脏病、血管疾病、生殖紊乱等有关。根据 FDA
的说法，尼古丁不会导致癌症或肺部疾病。
克里斯滕森表示，当尼古丁使用与应对压力、焦虑或抑郁的方法相关联时，戒断尼古丁成
瘾尤其困难。
“心理健康与尼古丁成瘾密切相关，”她补充说。 “人们重新吸烟或再次咀嚼的最大原
因是因为他们生活中发生了不好的事情，你知道，他们有一些新的压力或有人去世了或失
业了或他们正在离婚，然后他们开始吸烟，因为他们无法应对那些情绪，或者他们认为没
有吸烟就无法应对。”
此外，克里斯滕森补充说，对于从青少年时期开始使用尼古丁的人来说，这种习惯尤其难
以戒除。
尼古丁口袋用户将口袋放在牙龈上最多一个小时，这可能导致口腔疼痛或牙龈刺激。但截
至目前，对口腔产品的完整影响还不清楚，仍需要进一步研究了解尼古丁使用如何可能与
牙龈疾病或蛀牙相关联，纽约州立罗切斯特大学伊斯曼口腔健康学院诊断科系主任兼教授
任延方（Yanfang Ren）表示。他曾参与了一项于 2017 年 12 月进行的研究，该研究部
分由菲利普·莫里斯国际公司资助，研究了烟雾对牙齿颜色的影响。
对于那些希望戒除烟草和尼古丁，过上更健康的生活方式，莫兰建议咨询初级健康护理提
供者，以及利用梅奥诊所尼古丁依赖中心提供的在线资源。美国疾病控制与预防中心（
CDC）也提供在线资源来帮助那些打算戒烟的人。
Zyn, a smokeless nicotine pouch, has been increasing in popularity over the
past year. The product is intended for adults who already use tobacco or
nicotine products, according to the company. Shelby Knowles/Bloomberg/Getty
Images
CNN
—
A relatively new nicotine product with a tobacco-free and smokeless design
has drawn in a wave of new users in just the past year: oral nicotine pouches
that sit at the gums and are nearly undetectable when in use.
The leading brand Zyn, introduced in the United States in 2014, shipped 350
million cans, about 15 pouches per can, in 2023 — a 62% increase compared
with the previous year, Philip Morris International announced in February.
While the product is aimed at adults who already use nicotine, some health
professionals and researchers are worried the attention could attract an
influx of brand-new users, especially among younger people.
Zyn does not use social media influencers to market, and the company’s
social media posts on Facebook and Instagram for US audiences are age-gated
to 21 and older, a spokesperson for Philip Morris International said in an
email. Yet colleges across the United States have seen a rise in Zyn usage on
campus, while social media has a new type of unofficial influencer for
nicotine — a “Zynfluencer.”
Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer recently called for Federal Trade
Commission and Food and Drug Administration regulators to investigate Zyn’s
marketing strategies and health impacts. “I’m delivering a warning to
parents, because these nicotine pouches seem to lock their sights on young
kids — teenagers, and even lower — and then use the social media to hook
them,” he said in a January press conference.
Here’s what experts have to say on the health risks of the product.
Are nicotine pouches better than vaping?
Tobacco is a known carcinogen that can cause several types of cancer.
Cigarette smoking is the primary cause of lung cancer, according to the
American Cancer Society. Zyn, among other brands of nicotine pouches such as
Rogue, On! and Velo, markets its pouches as an alternative product to smoking
and using tobacco.
While using a nicotine pouch does not entail inhaling chemicals as with
cigarettes or vape pens, Kecia Christensen, a nurse practitioner in pulmonary
disease and thoracic surgery at Nebraska Medicine, does not recommend the use
of pouch products as a means to quit smoking at this time.
“It’s good that these companies are trying to come up with
nontobacco-related forms of nicotine for people to try to wean their
addiction. … The problem, I think, with products like this is that until
they are completely regulated by the FDA, what I tell my patients is, ‘I don
’t really know for sure what’s in those things,’” said Christensen, who
is also a certified tobacco treatment specialist.
Unrecognizable young woman enjoying a cigarette outdoors. Focus is on the
cigarette.
RELATED ARTICLE
Who should worry about lung cancer? A doctor explains
Philip Morris International’s application for FDA authorization has been
pending since 2020, according to the company. However, FDA officials have
allowed the nontobacco nicotine product to stay on the market while the
application is under review.
While more research on the product is needed, Christensen said, the nicotine
pouches could potentially help curb cravings for those looking to ultimately
stop tobacco and nicotine use altogether if the amount of nicotine is
incrementally decreased to be less than what a person was taking in with
cigarettes or chewing tobacco.
The numbers can vary, but Christensen often tells patients to think of one
cigarette as having 5 to 10 milligrams of nicotine each, with the actual
amount inhaled probably less than that. Nicotine pouches have varying degrees
of nicotine strength; 3 or 6 milligrams per pouch is most common, but some
brands have pouches that contain upward of 28 milligrams.
Nicotine addiction and mental health
Oftentimes, patients who are trying to quit tobacco instead get addicted to
nicotine through vaping, sometimes even more so than with cigarettes,
according to Christensen. That’s because vapes are easier to use and are
often used indoors rather than outside on smoke breaks, she said. Nicotine
pouches are even more discreet, with a small pouch measuring at 0.6 inches by
1.1 to 1.3 inches (14 millimeters by 28 to 32 millimeters), similar to a
piece of chewing gum, that can be popped in the mouth virtually anywhere
without anyone else knowing.
Rather than help weight loss, the study suggests smoking leads to more
abdominal fat.
A dependency on nicotine causes cravings and withdrawal symptoms such as
irritability, headaches, dizziness and fatigue. Researchers have found
long-term usage may be connected with heart disease, vascular disease,
reproductive disturbances and more, according to the National Cancer
Institute. Nicotine does not cause cancer or lung disease, according to the
FDA.
Addiction to nicotine can be particularly tough to break when the usage is
associated with coping methods for stress, anxiety or depression, Christensen
said.
“Mental health is really wrapped pretty tightly up with nicotine addiction,
” she added. “The biggest reason why people relapse and start smoking again
or chewing again is because something bad happens in their life, you know,
they have some new stress or somebody dies or they lost their job or they’re
getting a divorce, and then they start smoking again, because they can’t
handle those emotions, or they don’t think they can without smoking.”
And the habit can be particularly difficult to kick for those who have been
using nicotine since they were teenagers, Christensen added.
More adolescent e-cigarette users report vaping within five minutes of waking
up, new study finds
Zynfluencers and Zyn users
Zyn does not have official social media influencers, but the hashtag “
Zynfluencer” has hundreds of posts on TikTok and Instagram, and “Zyn” has
upward of tens of thousands.
“Nicotine products should only be used by legal-age adults, which means
those 21-plus. The latest CDC (US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
and FDA data show that underage nicotine pouch use has remained low while
providing many adult smokers with a better alternative than continued smoking,
” Philip Morris International said in a statement to CNN.
The data from Swedish Match, a tobacco company that makes Zyn and acquired by
Philip Morris International in February 2023, also shows that most of the
social media audience is “previous consumers of traditional oral, vaping and
cigarette products with others coming from other nicotine product categories,
” the company noted.
How to convince, scare or bribe your kids not to vape
The advertisements for Zyn use terms such as “smoke-free,” “spit-free”
and “odor-free” and can contain imagery of the products being used in
places a cigarette or an e-cigarette wouldn’t be allowed, said Meghan Moran,
an associate professor of health, behavior and society at Johns Hopkins
Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore. The discreetness is cause for
concern when it comes to the attractiveness to people under 21, she added.
“When you think about young people who are not already using tobacco and who
we don’t want to use tobacco, a product being discreet is potentially very
attractive, because younger folks, teenagers, often find themselves in
situations such as, you know, school, maybe home with the parents, where if
it were discovered that they were using a tobacco product, there would likely
be repercussions,” Moran said.
What’s more, the Zyn nicotine pouches come in a variety of flavors,
including cool mint, wintergreen, coffee and cinnamon, that could be
appealing to younger people.
In October, 1.5% of middle school and high school students reported using
nicotine pouches in the previous 30 days, according to the 2023 National
Youth Tobacco Survey conducted by the FDA and CDC.
“The FDA remains concerned about any tobacco product that may appeal to
youth,” said Brian King, director of the FDA’s Center for Tobacco Products,
in a statement. “As always, we are committed to holding those accountable
who sell unauthorized tobacco products, including those labeled, advertised,
and/or designed to encourage youth use.”
For those not used to nicotine, high amounts can cause vomiting and nausea
(or “nicotine sickeness”), Christensen said. Nicotine products can also “
harm the developing adolescent brain,” according to FDA and CDC research.
A man sits outside and holds a slim menthol cigarette between his fingers.
Close-up with focus on the cigarette.
Zyn and mouth soreness
Nicotine pouch users hold the pouch to their gum for up to an hour, which may
cause a sore mouth or gum irritation. But the full effects of the oral
product are not known as of yet, with more research needed to understand how
nicotine usage might be associated with gum disease or cavities, said Yanfang
Ren, a professor and chairman of the department of diagnostic sciences at the
University of Rochester Eastman Institute for Oral Health in upstate New York.
“If you put something, anything in the mouth for a long time, potentially
you might have some irritation to the gum — but to what extent, that’s
something we really don’t know yet,” Ren said. He was a part of a December
2017 study that looked at the effect cigarette smoke had on the color of the
teeth that was partially funded by Philip Morris International.
For those looking to quit tobacco and nicotine altogether for a healthier
lifestyle, Moran recommends visiting a primary health care provider, as well
as using resources provided online by the Mayo Clinic Nicotine Dependence
Center. The CDC also has online resources to help those aiming to quit
smoking.
5.完整新闻连结 (或短网址)不可用YAHOO、LINE、MSN等转载媒体:
https://reurl.cc/lg3kZ9
6.备注:
我是世卫菸草减害专家 王郁扬，
台湾卫生福利部跟董氏基金会对这产品完全避而不谈，
更离谱的是，
政府就趁全体国民都不清楚发生什么事的时候，修菸害防制法时，
就把“类菸品”的定义，除了符合电子菸的定义，也符合尼古丁袋/菸碱袋，
因此在台湾，尼古丁袋已经被纳入类菸品全面禁止
狗屁黑箱的菸害防制法，严重危害国民健康，这些拿的菸捐乱搞的单位，恶心！
延伸阅读：
一、
【菸碱袋Nicotine Pouches分享】类菸品包山包海 尼古丁袋也被纳入严格禁止 ft. WHO
FCTC菸草减害专家 王郁扬
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DgPr-GWxdDA
二、
观点投书：黑箱菸害防制法，危害台湾人民健康
https://www.storm.mg/article/4879143?mode=whole
三、
加热菸禁不禁？台湾菸害防制的新难题｜NOWnews
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1vISgLHPcfc