刚果法院首例 12年杀害500多头大象 盗猎者将蹲30年苦牢
环境资讯中心外电；姜唯 翻译；林大利 审校；稿源：ENS
刚果共和国刑事法院以杀害国家公园巡守员未遂、贩卖盗猎来的象牙、持有武器等多项罪名
，判处知名盗猎者和象牙走私者吉拉德（Mobanza Mobembo Gérard）30年徒刑，且必须支
付3800万中非法郎（约台币199万元）给受伤的巡守员。
这是刚果共和国的野生动植走私者首次在刑事法院被定罪。
吉拉德因杀害国家公园巡守员未遂、贩卖盗猎来的象牙、持有武器等多项罪名，遭判处30年
徒刑。照片来源：WCS新闻稿
吉拉德带领集团 在国家公园杀死500多头大象
根据调查，人称盖瓦尼欧（Guyvanho）的吉拉德带领一个约25人的盗猎集团。自2008年至今
，他们在诺娃贝尔多基国家公园（Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park）一带杀死了500多头大
象。
该公园成立于1993年，位于刚果北部省份，周围是非洲森林象和稀有大型猿类的栖地，包括
西部低地大猩猩和东部黑猩猩。
刚果民主共和国籍的盖瓦尼欧于2008年前后来到刚果共和国北部。2018年初，他和其他几名
集团成员杀死了11头大象，被诺娃贝尔多基国家公园巡守员逮个正著，双方发生驳火。起初
盖瓦尼奥趁乱逃脱，但同伙三名成员被捕。他们的供词成为对盖瓦尼欧发出逮捕令的根据。
除了被杀害的大象数量众多外，这次事件还显示该犯罪集团以暴力对抗公权力的倾向，而且
公园内外四周的大象盗猎集团行径越来越嚣张。
2018年5月盖瓦尼欧被捕，被押在欧耶索省城监狱中等待审判。然而，在2018年6月2日，审
判开始前12天，盖瓦尼欧竟然逃狱了。尽管如此，他的审判仍持续进行，并因缺席被判处5
年徒刑加500万中非法郎（约台币26万元）的罚款。
除了被杀害的大象数量众多外，这次事件还显示该犯罪集团以暴力对抗公权力的倾向。照片
来源：WCS脸书
盖瓦尼奥于2019年7月20日再度落网
法院再次发出逮捕令。盖瓦尼欧仍然是公园野生动物犯罪部门的通缉要犯，所有曾出没过的
地点都受到监视。这段期间，他曾被目击继续参加盗猎活动，每次都与国家公园的巡守员发
生枪战。
2019年5月31日，一名巡守员返回诺娃贝尔多基国家公园总部途中刚好碰上一群刚收工的盗
猎者，盖瓦尼奥赫然在其中。盗猎者对巡守员开枪，导致两名巡守员受伤，其中一名重伤，
幸好被受过急救训练的同僚救回。
盖瓦尼奥这次又逃走了，但似乎向人吹嘘事发经过而走漏了风声，当局因此再次掌握他新的
藏身之处。透过监视行动，盖瓦尼奥终于在2019年7月20日落网。
盖瓦尼奥被送回欧耶索省服刑，并再次尝试越狱，这次没有成功。很显然，盖瓦尼奥在欧耶
索省有强大的后援，极有可能再次越狱。国家公园管理部门于2019年8月成功获得批准，得
以将盖瓦尼奥和三名同伙转移到布拉柴维尔监狱。
学者：此次判决是刚果在野生动植物保护上的重要里程碑
诺娃贝尔多基国家公园由总部位于纽约的野生动物保护协会（Wildlife Conservation Soci
ety, WCS）和刚果共和国政府透过诺娃贝尔多基基金会合作管理，已经长达25年。
WCS中非地区主任斯托克斯（Emma Stokes）博士说，这名盗猎犯能被绳之以法，靠的是诺娃
贝尔多基国家公园野生动物犯罪部门和反盗猎部门三年来的努力，以及和森林经济部、警方
和地方检察官等的多个有关当局合作的成果。
“此次判决是刚果共和国刑事法庭在野生动植物保护上一个重要的里程碑。以前所有环境犯
罪都是在民事法庭审理的，最高刑期仅五年。今日的判决显示，野生动植物犯罪不会再被容
忍，将从重量刑。”斯托克斯说。
Congo Imprisons Elephant Poacher for 30 Years
BRAZZAVILLE, Republic of Congo, August 22, 2020 (ENS)
A criminal court in the Republic of Congo has sentenced a notorious poacher an
d ivory trafficker, Mobanza Mobembo Gérard, alias Guyvanho, to 30 years in pris
on for the attempted murder of park rangers, trafficking of ivory from poached e
lephants, possession of military weapons, and other charges. He is also required
to pay damages of 38 million Central African Francs (US$68,000) to the injured
rangers.
The 30-year sentence marks the first-ever conviction in the criminal courts of a
wildlife trafficker in the Republic of Congo.
Investigations revealed that Guyvanho led a group of approximately 25 poachers w
ho, based on the number of hunts reported, could have killed upwards of 500 elep
hants in the area of Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park since 2008.
Established in 1993, in the northern provinces of Congo, the park is inhabited b
y forest elephants and rare great apes, including western lowland gorillas and t
he eastern subspecies of chimpanzees.
In early 2018, Guyvanho – a citizen of the Democratic Republic of Congo who had
arrived in the northern Republic of Congo around 2008 – and several other memb
ers of his team were caught in an operation led by Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park
rangers, after they allegedly killed 11 elephants. A firefight ensued and Guyva
nho was initially able to escape, but three members of his team were arrested. T
heir statements provided sufficient grounds for an arrest warrant to be issued a
gainst him.
In addition to the number of elephants killed, this incident demonstrated the wi
llingness of this group to respond with violence when challenged. This was indic
ative of a trend of increasing violence of elephant poaching gangs in and around
the park.
In May 2018, Guyvanho was arrested and remanded in prison in the provincial town
of Ouesso to await trial. However, on June 2, 2018, 12 days before his trial wa
s to take place, Guyvanho escaped from the Ouesso prison. Still, his trial went
ahead, and he was sentenced in absentia to five years in prison with a five mill
ion Central African Franc (US$9,000) fine.
A further arrest warrant was issued. He remained a priority target of the park’
s Wildlife Crime Unit – and locations known to be used by Guyvanho were monitor
ed, but no arrest was made.
During this time, he was cited as a participant in a number of subsequent hunts,
each of which featured exchanges of gunfire with park rangers.
On May 31, 2019, a ranger patrol returning to Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park HQ h
appened across a group of poachers – including Guyvanho – returning from a hun
t. The patrol was fired upon by the poachers, and two patrol members were wounde
d, one of them seriously. His life was saved by fellow rangers with medical trai
ning.
Guyvanho was again able to escape but was reported to have bragged about the inc
ident. This information was passed to the authorities along with a new location
for Guyvanho’s home. A surveillance operation was launched to confirm the infor
mation from the Wildlife Crime Unit, and, based on this information, Guyvanho wa
s arrested by the Ouesso Police on July 20, 2019.
Guyvanho was returned to prison in Ouesso to serve his sentence but following a
further escape attempt, this time unsuccessful, it became clear that Guyvanho ha
d a sufficiently strong support network in Ouesso that another escape attempt wa
s highly likely. A transfer to Brazzaville prison was requested by the park auth
orities and approved, and in August 2019 Guyvanho and three associates were succ
essfully moved.
All the convicts will be transferred back to Brazzaville this week to serve thei
r sentences.
The Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park is governed by a 25-year public-private partne
rship between the New York City-based Wildlife Conservation Society, WCS, and th
e Government of the Republic of Congo through the Nouabalé-Ndoki Foundation.
Dr. Emma Stokes, WCS regional director for Central Africa, says many people coop
erated to bring this poacher to justice. “The sentencing is the culmination of
more than three years of work by the Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park’s Wildlife C
rime Unit and Anti-Poaching department. It is also the result of fruitful cooper
ation with multiple Congolese authorities, including the Ministry of Forest Econ
omy, the Police, and District Prosecutors.
Dr. Stokes listed some of those supporting WCS involvement in this case. “WCS c
ommends our government partners in the Republic of Congo and thanks our donors f
or their ongoing support in this case, including The Wildcat Foundation, Save th
e Elephants’ and Wildlife Conservation Network’s Elephant Crisis Fund, the San
gha Trinational Trust Fund, U.S. State Department’s Bureau for International Na
rcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, the European Union, and the United States A
gency for International Development’s Central Africa Regional Program for the E
nvironment (USAID-CARPE).”
“This unprecedented conviction in the criminal court is a major milestone in th
e protection of wildlife in the Republic of Congo. Previously, all environmental
crimes were tried in the civil courts where the maximum penalty under the wildl
ife law was five years. Today’s sentencing sends an extremely strong message th
at wildlife crime will not be tolerated and will be prosecuted at the highest le
vels,” Stokes said.
“We are confident that today’s sentence will serve as a deterrent to would-be
criminals that you will serve hard time if you break our wildlife laws and put p
ark rangers and Congo’s national security in danger,” she said.
After the sentencing, an official from the Sangha District Court declared, “Thi
s verdict confirms the fact that under the pretext of being poaching gangs, it i
s actually well-organized criminal gangs operating in our forests.”
https://e-info.org.tw/node/226554
反观台湾吃黑熊肉的 不知道会判多久
在保护动物方面 台湾这次恐怕输给刚果了