1.媒体来源:
纽约时报
黄瑞黎(Sui-Lee Wee)
2.完整新闻标题:
程序员鼓励师？中国科技公司里的“漂亮女孩”们
Wanted at Chinese Start-Ups: Attractive Women to Ease Coders’ Stress
3.完整新闻内文:
Shen Yue, who has a degree in civil engineering, giving a colleague a massage
in her role as a “programmer motivator” at Chainfin.com in Beijing. Credit
Giulia Marchi for The New York Times
BEIJING — China’s vibrant technology scene is searching for people like
Shen Yue. Qualifications: Must be attractive, know how to charm socially
awkward programmers and give relaxing massages.
Ms. Shen is a “programmer motivator,” as they are known in China. Part
psychologist, part cheerleader, the women are hired to chat up and calm
stressed-out coders. The jobs are proliferating in a society that largely
adheres to gender stereotypes and believes that male programmers are “zhai,”
or nerds who have no social lives.
“They really need someone to talk to them from time to time and to organize
activities for them to ease some of the pressure,” said Ms. Shen, a
25-year-old who has a degree in civil engineering from a university in
Beijing.
Chinese women have made great strides in the workplace. The country has the
world’s largest number of self-made female billionaires, while many
start-ups have women in senior roles. But at a time when the United States
and other countries are directly confronting the #MeToo movement, the
inequalities and biases in China are rarely discussed openly and remain
firmly entrenched.
The country’s laws against gender discrimination are not often enforced.
Many companies are direct in their job ads. Males preferred. Only
good-looking women need apply. With programmer motivators, it’s more
explicit, putting women in subservient positions to men.
While China’s tech scene has produced companies that rival Facebook, Google
and Amazon in power and wealth, the work culture in many ways trails even
bro-dominated Silicon Valley.
北京中望金服，作为“程序员鼓励师”的申悦正在为一名同事按摩，她拥有土木工程学位
。
北京——充满活力的中国科技行业正在寻找像申悦这样的人。要求：必须漂亮，知道如何
吸引不善于社交的程序员，会放松按摩。
申悦的职业在中国被称为“程序员鼓励师”。这个职业兼有心理学家和啦啦队员的性质，
这些女性被雇来与程序员搭讪，缓解他们的巨大压力。在一个很大程度上固守性别刻板印
象、相信男性程序员是“宅男”或没有社交生活的书呆子的社会中，这种工作正在不断增
加。
“他们真的需要有人时不时地和他们聊天，为他们组织活动，减轻压力，”现年25岁的申
悦说，她拥有北京一所大学的土木工程学位。
中国女性在工作场合已经取得了巨大进步。这个国家有着世界上最多靠个人奋斗成功的亿
万富翁，不少初创企业的高层人员也都是女性。但在美国及其他国家正在直面“我也是”
(#MeToo)运动的时候，中国仍然根深蒂固不平等和偏见很少得到公开讨论。
这个国家针对性别歧视的法律常常得不到执行。许多公司的招聘启事说得非常直白：最好
是男性，仅形象气质佳的女性可申请该职位。这种现象在程序员鼓励师的职位中更加明显
，将女性置于奉承男性的位置上。
尽管中国的科技界已经出现了不少在实力与财富上均可匹敌Facebook、谷歌(Google)和亚
马逊(Amazon)的公司，但其职场文化在许多方面仍跟随以男性为主导的硅谷。
Ms. Shen getting ready for work while her boyfriend stayed in bed. Her job
mostly involves tending the front desk, organizing social events, ordering
snacks and chatting with programmers. Credit Giulia Marchi for The New York
Times
In tech, men dominate the top ranks. Just one woman sits on the 11-member
board of Alibaba, the e-commerce giant. At Baidu, a search company, none of
its five board members is a woman. At Tencent, a games and social media
conglomerate, there are none. By comparison, Twitter has three women on its
nine-person board. At Facebook, two of its nine directors are women.
Like many other businesses, China’s tech companies are blunt about gender
bias in their job ads. Baidu, Alibaba and Tencent have repeatedly published
recruitment ads boasting that there are “beautiful girls” working for the
companies, according to Human Rights Watch, a New York-based rights watchdog.
In January, Alibaba said it was seeking a sales manager for Taobao, its
e-commerce platform. Women were preferred, ages 28 to 35, “with a good
personal image and class.”
In November, Baidu advertised for a marketing position. Men were preferred “
because of business travel” and other reasons.
Both companies have since removed the references to specific genders in those
ads.
Alibaba said that the company has clear guidelines on providing equal
opportunity regardless of gender and “will conduct stricter reviews of the
recruiting advertisements to ensure compliance with our policy.” It also
said that one-third of the 18 founders of Alibaba are women and that female
leaders account for one-third of the company’s management positions.
Baidu said that 45 percent of the company’s 40,000 employees are female,
which is reflected in midlevel and senior positions. “We value the important
work that our female employees do across the organization,” the company said
in an emailed statement.
In a statement, Tencent said it values diverse backgrounds and apologized for
the ads.
It is unclear how many companies employ programmer motivators. According to
Baidu Baipin, a job search website run by Baidu, just seven companies are
currently advertising for these jobs, mostly at smaller start-ups. There used
to be more. Alibaba advertised for a programmer motivator with “recognizably
good looks” in 2015 but deleted the ad after being criticized by Chinese
internet users.
申悦准备出门上班时，她的男朋友待在床上。
在科技业，男性主导著最高层。电商巨头阿里巴巴由11人构成的董事会中，只有一名女性
。在搜索引擎公司百度，五人董事会中无一人是女性。游戏、社群媒体企业集团腾讯的董
事会中也没有女性。与之相对的，Twitter的九人董事会中有三名女性。Facebook的九名
董事中有两名是女性。
像其他行业一样，中国的科技公司在招聘启事中对性别偏见颇为直白。根据总部位于纽约
的人权观察组织(Human Rights Watch)，百度、阿里巴巴及腾讯均多次发布招聘启事，夸
耀公司里有“漂亮女孩”。
一月，阿里巴巴表示正在为旗下的电商平台淘宝寻找销售经理，要求最好是年龄为28至35
岁之间的女性，“个人形象、谈吐良好。”
11月，百度为一个市场推广职位打出广告，要求由于会有“出差”及其他原因，最好是男
性。
两家公司后来都在招聘启事中撤下了对特定性别的说法。
阿里巴巴表示，该公司对不论性别，提供平等就业有着明确的指导方针，并且“将更加严
格审核招聘启事，确保其符合我们的政策。”该公司还表示阿里巴巴18名创始人中，有三
人之一是女性，并且女性领导人占该公司管理岗的三分之一。
百度表示该公司四万名员工中，有45%是女性，这在中层及高层职位中也得到了体现。“
我们重视女性员工在各个层面的所做的重要工作，”该公司在一封邮件声明中表示。
在一则声明中，腾讯表示该公司重视多样化背景，并为上述招聘启事致歉。
尚不清楚有多少公司雇佣了程序员鼓励师。根据百度运营的找工作网站“百度百聘”，仅
有七家公司目前在为该职位进行招聘，大多数都是在规模较小的初创公司。曾经这类招聘
启事有很多。2015年，阿里巴巴曾发出广告，试图招聘过一名“样貌出众”的程序员鼓励
师，但受到中国网民的批评后将其删除。
Morning preparations include hair and makeup. “I think women should be
independent, self-reliant and have self-respect,” Ms. Shen said. “And that’
s enough.” Credit Giulia Marchi for The New York Times
Ms. Shen started work at Chainfin.com, a consumer finance company, in
October. She declined to disclose her salary, but Zhang Jing, a human
resources executive who hired Ms. Shen, said it was around $950 a month.
Ms. Shen came to Beijing from the northeastern province of Heilongjiang. She
has long black hair and pale skin and wears red eye shadow to the office,
where she always has a ready smile for her colleagues. They call her by her
nickname, Yueyue, which translates to Joy.
At Chainfin.com, the bulk of her work is tending the front desk, organizing
social events, ordering snacks for tea breaks and chatting with the
programmers. She may call a programmer to a conference room and ask him, “
Did you have to work overtime?” before listening to his various frustrations.
“I thought it was really novel,” Ms. Shen said, “because I had never seen
such a job before.”
On a recent Friday, she approached Guo Zhenjie, 28, who has a foldout bed
next to his desk. Ms. Shen asked whether his waist was still hurting from the
long hours at his desk. He said, yes, he had been working till 10 or 11 for
the past few nights.
“The company’s intention is for me to give you a massage, though my
technique might not be great,” Ms. Shen told Mr. Guo.
Both of them broke out in giggles.
Ms. Shen stood over a seated Mr. Guo and started kneading his shoulders.
早上的准备工作包括弄头发和化妆。
申悦10月开始在消费金融公司中望金服(Chainfin.com)工作。她拒绝透露自己的薪水，但
雇佣申悦的人力资源部管理人员张晶表示薪水为每月约950美元（约合6000人民币）。
申悦从中国东北部的黑龙江省来到了北京。她有着长长的黑发、白皙的皮肤，会化上红色
的眼影上班，脸上随时带着微笑。他们用“悦悦”这个暱称来称呼她，意思是快乐。
她在中望金服的主要工作是在前台服务、组织社交活动、购买茶歇的小食以及与程序员聊
天。她会把一个程序员叫到会议室里，问他，“你要加班吗？”，然后聆听他的各种不满
。
“我就觉得挺新奇的，”申悦说，“因为真的之前没有见过这种岗位。”
最近的一个周五，她找到了郭振杰。28岁的郭振杰在办公桌旁放著一张折叠床。申悦问他
，他的腰是不是还是因为长时间的伏案工作而疼痛。他说是的，在过去的几个晚上他都是
10点、11点才下班。
“公司的意思是要给你按摩一下，但是有可能我手法不太好，”申悦对郭振杰说。
两人都咯咯地笑了起来。
郭振杰坐着，站在他身后的申悦开始给他按摩肩膀。
Applicants for the job that Ms. Shen holds are expected to be taller than
5-foot-2. “Her position is at the front desk, isn’t it?” a human resources
executive who hired Ms. Shen said. “It may be that people won’t be able to
see her if they walk in.” Credit Giulia Marchi for The New York Times
“It really does feel good,” Mr. Guo said, as Ms. Shen gently whacked his
back with a massage clapper device.
For some start-ups, having a programmer motivator on staff is one of the many
perks to attract male coders, a job that is in high demand in China’s
booming tech scene.
Feng Zhiyi, 31, who works in research and development at Chainfin.com, said
he was envious when photos of female programmer motivators fanning male
employees appeared on the internet.
“And now we have one, too,” Mr. Feng said.
Mr. Feng said Ms. Shen had improved the work environment by organizing
birthday parties and getting the programmers active with games such as tug of
war or sack races.
He said he was open to the idea of male programmer motivators but somewhat
skeptical. “A man chatting with another man, it’s like going out on a date
with a guy,” Mr. Feng said. “A little awkward, isn’t it?”
Ms. Zhang, the human resources executive who was part of the panel that hired
Ms. Shen, stressed that it is important for a programmer motivator to look
good. She said the applicants needed to have “five facial features that must
definitely be in their proper order” and speak in a gentle way.
They should also have a contagious laugh, be able to apply simple makeup and
be taller than 5 feet 2 inches.
申请申悦这个职位的人身高需高于158厘米。
“确实很舒服，”郭振杰说著，申悦轻柔地用一个拍打按摩器打着他的后背。
对于一些创业公司来说，职工里有一名程序员鼓励师是吸引男程序员的诸多福利之一。在
中国蓬勃发展的科技圈中，程序员的岗位有着很大的需求。
31岁的冯志毅在中望金服从事研究和发展工作，他表示，之前看到网上那些女性程序员鼓
励师为男员工扇扇子的照片，还挺羡慕的。
“慢慢地咱这个也有了，”冯志毅说。
冯志毅表示，申悦通过组织生日派对，让程序员玩拔河、套袋赛跑等游戏，使他们更加活
跃，改善了工作环境。
他说，对于男性程序员激励师这个想法，他持开放态度，但有些怀疑。“你一个男的和男
的聊天，就跟你和男孩子约会，感觉有点别扭，是不是？”
人力资源的张晶是雇用了申悦的招聘组成员之一，她强调了程序员鼓励师外貌好看的重要
性。她说，应聘者“五官肯定第一要端正”，说话温柔。
她们的笑容要有感染力，能化一些简单的妆，身高在5英尺2英寸（约合158厘米）以上。
“I thought it was really novel,” said Ms. Shen, who may call programmers to
a conference room to listen to their work frustrations, “because I had never
seen such a job before.” Credit Giulia Marchi for The New York Times
“Her position is at the front desk, isn’t it?” Ms. Zhang said. “It may be
that people won’t be able to see her if they walk in.”
Ms. Shen said that she does not consider her job to be sexist.
“Many feminist ideas are too extreme now,” she said. “I think women should
be independent, self-reliant and have self-respect. And that’s enough.”
Xu Jiaolong, one of Chainfin.com’s few female programmers, who gets massages
from Ms. Shen, did not see anything wrong with the job. The way she saw it,
it was a mere “division of labor.” But, with a smile, she said the company
could consider hiring a man to motivate female programmers, too.
China’s tech industry is beginning to question such practices. Wang Jie, 40,
the chief executive of Shanbay.com, an app that helps people learn English,
has been vocal about the “objectification” of women by other start-ups.
He was so disturbed that some tech companies were using “beautiful women”
to draw male programmers to their companies that he wrote a post last
October on Zhihu, China’s version of Quora, the question and answer site,
saying that Western companies would be sued back home if they posted similar
ads.
But Mr. Wang has found that attitudes are difficult to change. Several people
responded to his post, saying he was making a mountain out of a molehill.
“The men said: ‘If there are more beautiful women, I’ll be happier in my
job. What’s the issue?’” Mr. Wang said. “And some women said: ‘As a
woman, I don’t think this is a problem at all.’”
“我觉得挺新奇的，”申悦说，她会把程序员叫到会议室，聆听他们在工作上的问题，“
因为真的之前没有见过这种岗位。”
“她这个职位是在前台的，是吧？”张晶说。“要不可能一进来看不到人。”
申悦表示不认为她的工作带有性别歧视。
“但是现在很多就是女权主义想法都太偏激了，”她说。“我觉得女性只要独立、自强、
自重，就可以了。”
徐娇龙是中望金服为数不多的几名女程序员之一，也会找申悦按摩。她并不觉得这个工作
有什么问题。在她看来，这只是“一个分工”。但她开玩笑地说，公司也可以考虑招一个
男的来鼓励一下女程序员。
中国科技行业对这种行为已经开始产生了质疑。40岁的王捷是扇贝的首席执行官，这是一
款帮助人们学习英语的应用。对于其他创业公司对女性的“物化”，他表达了自己的意见
。
一些科技公司使用“漂亮的女性”来吸引男程序员进公司，这让他感到困扰。去年十月，
他在中国版的Quora问答网站——知乎发帖称，如果西方公司也发布类似的广告，在他们
的国家是会被起诉的。
但王捷发现人们的观点很难改变。有几个人回复了他的帖子，说他这是小题大做。
“男生说，这有什么，美女多工作比较开心有什么问题吗，”王捷说。“有女生说，我是
女生我都不觉得这有什么问题。”
4.完整新闻连结 (或短网址):
https://goo.gl/CbYWEU (英文)
https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20180425/china-women-technology/zh-hant/ (中文)
5.备注:
厉害了 我的国