纽约时报
Road to Talks Between the U.S. and North Korea Has Been Bumpy
美国与北韩颠簸的对谈之路
President Trump agreed on Thursday to meet Kim Jong-un, the North Korean
leader. If talks go forward, they would be the highest-level meeting between
the two countries. No sitting president has ever met — or even spoken on the
phone — with a North Korean leader.
Here’s a look at previous attempts at dialogue and how the possible summit
meeting between Mr. Trump and Mr. Kim came about.
川普于周四同意与北韩领导金正恩坐下面谈，若能成行，这将是两国史上最高层级的会面
，美国从未有过在位总统与北韩领导通过电话，更别提面对面对谈。
以下是美国与北韩尝试对话之路
1994年 The Brink of War and an Agreement 战争的边缘与协议
While no sitting American president has met with a North Korean leader, two
former presidents have
虽然没有在位的美国总统与北韩领袖面谈，但有两位卸任总统曾成功进行会谈。
Jimmy Carter met Kim Il-sung, North Korea’s founder, in 1994. Against the
wishes of Bill Clinton, then the president, Mr. Carter traveled to North Korea’
s capital, Pyongyang, after American intelligence agencies said they believed
the North was processing plutonium for use in nuclear weapons.
于1994年，由于美国情报局认为北韩私底下精炼钸以制造核武器
即便时位总统克林顿的反对，卡特前总统仍执意前往平壤与北韩国父金日成会面
Mr. Carter’s meeting with Mr. Kim, who died three weeks later, set in motion
the resumption of talks that led to what was called the Agreed Framework. Under
that agreement, North Korea halted the construction of two reactors that could
be used to produce fuel for nuclear weapons in exchange for oil and the promise
of two light-water nuclear reactors that could produce energy but not weapons
fuel.
在会面后三周便过世的金日成，与卡特总统的会谈奠定了美韩达成框架协议的基础
北韩同意暂停两座用来制造核弹的核子反应炉，作为交换，北韩可拿到燃油及两座
只能用来产生能源，不能制造核弹的轻型反应炉
President Clinton would later agree to the deal, but Congress often delayed the
oil shipments and refused to immediately lift sanctions, and the light-water
reactors were never built.
稍后克林顿总统也同意了此项协议，但美国国会延迟燃油的运输，并且拒绝马上撤销
制裁，轻型反应炉也因此从未建造过。
2000年 North and South Korea Hold Talks 南北韩和平对谈
Kim Il-sung’s son and successor, Kim Jong-il, and the then president of South
Korea, Kim Dae-jung, met in Pyongyang in 2000, the first such summit meeting
between the leaders of the two Koreas since a war divided the peninsula 50
years earlier.
金日成的继位人金正日，与前韩国总统金大中于2000年在平壤会面，
在韩战爆发，南北韩分裂50年后，首次两韩领袖进行高峰会。
(注:金大中因此获得2000年诺贝尔和平奖)
The talks ushered in an unprecedented rapprochement and various joint projects
including a factory park in the North Korean town of Kaesong. But the
credibility of Kim Dae-jung’s so-called Sunshine Policy was damaged after an
investigation revealed that the South Korean government had funneled $450
million to the North shortly before the talks.
此次高峰会达成了史无前例的和谈，以及许多共同计画，包含了开城的工业区开发
但事后韩国政府被揭发了曾在高峰会前送了4.5亿美金给北韩
造成金大中提倡的阳光政策公信力受损。
Madeleine Albright Visits the North 美国国务卿访北韩
Kim Jong-il invited President Clinton to North Korea in 2000. Madeleine K.
Albright, the secretary of state, went instead. She traveled to Pyongyang in an
effort to expand the Agreed Framework to include ballistic missiles, which
North Korea was developing and selling abroad.
2000年时金正日邀请克林顿总统至北韩，美国国务卿Madeleine Albright代替克林顿
出访平壤，旨在延伸框架协议中的内容，包含了北韩正在制造与外销的导弹
Clinton administration officials said a deal was close, but nothing was
concluded by the time President George W. Bush took office in 2001.
克林顿称框架协议已接近完成，但直到2001年小布什上任时仍旧一事无成。
2002 - 2006 A Nuclear Bomb Test 核弹测试
The Agreed Framework collapsed in 2002 after the United States confronted North
Korea over its secret program to enrich uranium using equipment from Pakistan.
The United States stopped oil shipments to North Korea and Pyongyang restarted
its nuclear weapons program.
框架协议于2002年正式宣告失败，因为北韩仍持续祕密从巴基斯坦来的设备精炼铀
美国停止燃油的援助，北韩重新开始核弹的研发
The so-called Six-Party Talks continued fitfully between representatives of
North and South Korea, China, Russia, Japan and the United States. The North
said in 2005 that it would give up nuclear weapons and its existing nuclear
programs in return for security guarantees. North Korea carried out its first
nuclear test in 2006.
所谓的六方会谈，包含南北韩及美日中俄，在2005年北韩愿意放弃核武器及现有核武计画
以换取安全承诺，但北韩于2006年进行首次核弹测试
2007 - 2011 Six-Party Talks Collapse 六方会谈瓦解
In 2007, Kim Jong-il and South Korea’s president at the time, Roh Moo-hyun,
held the second summit meeting between the two sides. The meeting produced an
agreement aimed at expanding inter-Korean ties and easing military tensions
along the disputed maritime border on the west coast of the Korean Peninsula.
But the deal came at the end of Mr. Roh’s five-year administration and his
conservative successor quickly scrapped it.
2007年时，金正日与时任韩国总统卢武铉召开第二次南北韩高峰会，会议目的为拟定
包含加强南北韩合作及减缓朝鲜半岛西岸日益紧张的军事局面等的协议。
但此项协议在卢武铉五年任期结束后，被强硬派的李明博否决掉。
The Six-Party Talks eventually collapsed in 2009, largely over the question of
allowing international inspectors into North Korean sites.
That same year, Mr. Clinton traveled to North Korea and met with Kim Jong-il to
secure the release of two American journalists, Euna Lee and Laura Ling.
Kim Jong-il died in 2011 and his youngest son, Kim Jong-un took over control of
North Korea.
是否让核武检查员进入北韩的问题无法达成共识，六方会谈于2009年宣告瓦解
同年，克林顿前总统为了救援两位被囚禁的美国记者，前往北韩与金正日会面，
2011年金正日过世，金正恩正式接管北韩
2012 President Obama Pursues ‘Strategic Patience’欧巴马的战略忍耐政策
The Obama administration pursued a strategy of escalating sanctions it
described as strategic patience, although meetings between diplomats from the
two sides continued.
欧巴马当局对北韩实施经济制裁，称为战略忍耐政策
但双方的外交官员仍持续保持互动
An agreement appeared to be reached on Feb. 29, 2012, under which the North
would allow the return of weapons inspectors, and halt its long-range missile
and nuclear weapons programs in return for American food aid.
2012年2月29日，北韩为了换取美国的食物援助，承诺让核武检查员进入北韩
以及暂停长程导弹与核武的研发计画。
However, the deal died soon after when North Korea launched a rocket to put a
satellite in orbit, which the United States considered part of its efforts to
develop long-range ballistic missiles.
然而，此项协议于北韩发射火箭将卫星送上了太空后作废，因美国认为此为北韩
持续研发长程导弹的过程之一。
2016 - 2017 Trump Signals Willingness to Talk 川普表露面谈的意愿
During the 2016 presidential campaign, Mr. Trump said he would be willing to
hold direct negotiations with Mr. Kim as part of efforts to halt North Korea’s
nuclear program.
He later pushed back against criticism over his willingness to speak with the
North Korean leader.
2016年美国总统竞选中，川普说他愿意为了暂停北韩的核武计画和金正恩面谈
但川普因舆论的批判而改口
“Who the hell cares? I’ll speak to anybody. Who knows?” Mr. Trump said. “
There’s a 10 percent or a 20 percent chance that I can talk him out of those
damn nukes because who the hell wants him to have nukes? And there’s a chance
— I’m only gonna make a good deal for us.”
"谁关心阿? 我可以和任何人谈阿，谁知道?"
"有10%~20%的机率我可以成功劝他放弃核武，谁希望他手上握有核武阿?"
"我只谈对美国有利益的条件"
After the death of Otto F. Warmbier, a University of Virginia honors student
who spent 17 months in North Korean captivity, Mr. Trump condemned the “brutal
regime” in North Korea.
维吉尼亚大学生 Otto F. Warmbier被北韩囚禁17个月后，获释后返国第六天过世
川普谴责北韩的不人道行径。
Stronger Missiles and More Powerful Nukes 更强大的导弹与核武
During the first year of Mr. Trump’s presidency, North Korea tested ballistic
missiles with increasingly longer ranges that put the United States within
reach. The North also carried out its sixth and most powerful nuclear
detonation, which the regime claimed was a hydrogen device.
在川普的第一年任期，北韩测试了将美国涵盖在投射范围的加强长程导弹
更进行了北韩第六次也是强度最大的核武试爆，据称该核武器为氢弹等级
Mr. Trump threatened to assail North Korea with “fire and fury” if the
country endangered the United States. Undeterred, North Korea announced it was
considering a strike against Guam, where the United States maintains a critical
air base, that would create “an enveloping fire” around the Pacific island.
川普声称如果北韩危害到美国，将以烈焰与怒火颠覆北韩
北韩随后说他们正考虑以火力包围瞄准关岛的美军空军基地
Trump and Kim’s War of Words 川普与金正恩的隔空交火
In his inaugural speech to the United Nations General Assembly, Mr. Trump vowed
to “totally destroy” North Korea if it threatened the United States or its
allies. “If the righteous many don’t confront the wicked few, then evil will
triumph,” he said.
在联合会大会的就职演说，川普发誓若是北韩威胁到美国与其盟国，将全面摧毁北韩
"如果正义的多数不去对抗邪恶的少数，邪恶就会得胜"
“Rocket man is on a suicide mission for himself,” he said of Mr. Kim in
September, having debuted the nickname on Twitter earlier that month. Mr. Kim
later called Mr. Trump “a dotard.”
"这个火箭人正在自掘坟墓" 川普称金正恩是火箭人
随后金正恩说川普是一个"老番癫"
Mr. Trump’s United Nations speech came just days after North Korea fired a
ballistic missile over Japan.
北韩发射了横跨日本的导弹试射后几天，川普于联合国进行演讲。
2018 An Olympic Overture 冬奥的初步交涉
Two days into 2018, Mr. Trump said American and international sanctions on
North Korea prompted talks between North and South Korea — a prospect raised
during a speech made by Mr. Kim on New Year’s Day.
2018年的第二天，川普说美国与国际对北韩的经济制裁促使了南北韩对谈
Mr. Kim boasted of having a button on his desk from which he could order a
strike against the mainland United States. Mr. Trump responded on Twitter that
he possessed a “much bigger & more powerful” nuclear button.
金正恩夸耀说他桌上有核武发射钮能够随时瞄准美国发射
川普随后在推特上回击 "林北的核武发射钮比你的更大颗"
Later that month, during his inaugural State of the Union speech, Mr. Trump
vowed he would not repeat “the mistakes of past administrations that got us
into this dangerous position.”
随后在该月的总统就职演说中，川普说他不会犯下前几位的总统的错误而导致美国陷入
核武的威胁。
North Korea agreed to send a delegation to South Korea for the Winter Olympics
last month. The move helped ease tensions between the two sides. Kim Yo-jong,
Mr. Kim’s sister, went to Pyeongchang, South Korea, for the opening ceremony.
北韩同意派遣代表赴韩国参加冬奥，这项动议减缓了双方的紧张局势
金正恩的妹妹金与正前往平昌参加冬奥的开幕式。
Ivanka Trump, the president’s daughter and a senior White House adviser,
traveled to South Korea to attend the closing ceremony. Her appearance came
after a failed attempt by South Korean officials to coordinate a meeting
between Kim Yo-jong and Vice President Mike Pence at the outset of the Games.
川普的女儿伊凡卡以及资深白宫顾问参加冬奥的闭幕式
金与正的美国副总统彭斯原先预定的密会突然破局
Two top South Korean officials, Chung Eui-yong, national security adviser, and
Suh Hoon, the director of National Intelligence Service, traveled to North
Korea this week to meet with Mr. Kim and set the groundwork for the overture to
Mr. Trump.
韩国国家安保室长郑义溶与国家情报院院长徐薰将组成特使团前往北韩和金正恩碰面
，为川普-金正恩的世纪会面铺路。
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