二二八事件当初发生时，在台应该有一部分外国人也身历其境，但是他们笔下的二二八事
件好像很少拿出来被讨论，第三者来看一般不是比较公道吗？这群外国人当初对于二二八
和KMT是怎么看的，有八卦吗？
这边分享一下当时外国人的观察。想看外国人怎么纪录镇压实际惨况的，直接跳到后面
外国人笔下的二二八目击实录，最有名的应该是葛超智(Geroge Kerr)所写的《被出卖的
台湾》(Formaosa Betrayed)，这本有中文版，看了之后应该对KMT会非常赌烂，因为作者
视角下的KMT真的渣到一个极点。希望有乡民也能贴被出卖的台湾的内容给大家参考一下
。
今天简单介绍的是另一个当初事发也在台湾的外国人Allan Shackleton对二二八的观察。
他原本是新西兰高中教工程的老师，但后来成为联合国善后救济总署来协助战后修复的人
员。
这边有他的书Formosa Calling的完整版可以下载来看 (我也还没看完整，只是先速速浏
览过几个章节) https://goo.gl/mALu7B
以下让小鲁我撷取几个Allan Shackleton书中的片段，内文附英文原文所以有点长，但比
起Geroge Kerr，Allan Shackleton的观点比较客观；当然两个作者都是传达“事实”，
只是Kerr的笔下有诸多愤怒，而Shackleton相较冷静
小鲁我英文也不是很好，尽量翻个非常大略，先说我翻的不会是100%精准，然后有些原文
我没贴出来因为太长，直接用中文补充说明
＠关于二二八的远因 (只列举几个书中提到的一些例子)：
1. 居住生活品质恶劣，政府没有想要改善的迹象
The Formosans saw that there was practically no attempt at rehabilitating the
cities and towns. There apparently was no Government scheme for rehabilitating
bombed-out families, who had to live in hovels constructed as best they could
.
战后残破，国民政府无意整建，部分台湾人无家可归只能住在破乱小屋
Rather did the Chinese maintain a tax on new houses that the Japanese, in wart
ime,
had imposed apparently to restrict further building. People, after they had ma
naged to obtain cement and material for building, at last, in the black market
found, in the first two years after the end of the war, when the house was co
mpleted and they thought that their difficulties were over, that they were pre
sented with a demand for tax for four hundred yen because they had built a new
house.
国民党政府维持日本在战争时期新建房子要纳税的律法，台湾人在黑市要取得材料已经不
容易，但要盖新房子还要被承受征税的负担
Travelling down many of the streets in many of the towns was a distressing sig
ht. The broken bricks and rubble were becoming overgrown with weeds and the co
ncrete skeletons of the buildings overshadowed the draughty hovels that had re
placed the once-imposing and comfortable buildings.
街景非常残破不堪，砖瓦长满杂草，昔日雄伟建筑的骨架对比如今不禁风的破乱小屋 (台
湾民众的栖身之所)
In one relief centre I saw fourteen families living in hovels (about ten perso
ns per family) and the size of each hovel was about twelve feet square. Half o
f that had a built-up floor for sleeping, Japanese fashion, while the other wa
s a dirt floor. There was dirt, squalor, sores and misery. The children were l
istless and had many sores. On one boy's hand, for instance, there were more s
ore patches than there were healthy patches and flies continually settled on h
is sores. The misery beggars description.
作者观察到在狭小的安置空间里挤了一大堆人，居住和生活条件恶劣，小朋友看起来都没
什么精神、伤痕累累，一个男孩的手上，伤口比健康的部分还多，常常有苍蝇驻足。整个
惨状不忍描述。
2. 失业问题严重，而国民党政府派任人员都只讲究“裙带关系”
Unemployment was further increased through the Chinese system of Nepotism wher
eby relatives, and in the case of Formosa, friends, were given positions in sp
ite of the fact that they had practically no qualifications for those position
s. This
took place wherever Government officials were employed. Particularly
in education was this very apparent. Sometimes the newspapers published news o
f the dismissal of Formosan principals of schools and named the new principal,
but did not give reasons for the change.
基本上一些官职，都是直接由国民党政府空降人选，在教育系统尤其明显。有时候报纸会
报导，台湾人的校长直接被撤职，然后有中央派任的人接任，但对这人事变动没有解释原
因。
3. 教育隔阂，国民党政府一来强力贯彻北京话政策，但比起日治版本落后很多
Of course, all Japanese textbooks were scrapped and Mandarin textbooks were pu
t in their place. Nevertheless, for the Formosans there were no Mandarin books
which would deal with algebra, geometry or trade subjects.
日本的教科书全面下架，但北京话教科书却没有代数、几何、商业等科目
A Chinese “Professor” who came from the mainland to a school commenced to ta
ke a class in mathematics by asking elementary questions about the number of l
egs that various numbers of chairs had altogether. After suffering this for so
me time, one bright boy in the class proffered the information that the last l
esson they had received was on the theory of quadratic equations. The “Profes
sor”, finding that this was algebra, had to admit that he did not know algebr
a and retired: and, at the time my informant told me, mathematics was still no
t being taught at the school.
一个中国来的老师去学校教数学时，教学生怎么算几张椅子共有几只椅脚，但学生反应说
他们上次学到的是抛物线二次方程式。后来这位中国老师离职因为自已承认学识不够，就
作者所知，数学这科还是没有人教 (找不到人来教)
All this indicates that the standard of education had slumped and the Formosan
s latterly became suspicious that it was an attempt to reduce them to an illit
erate race.
种种迹象让台湾人后来怀疑说，是不是政府阴谋要让他们弱化成文盲种族
4. 政府管制琐碎，米价涨，肚子扁扁民不聊生
I have pointed out that the regulations were frequently trivial, but they all
had the effect of increasing the possibilities of obtaining money, either for
the Government or the officials personally, or both. The increasing restrictio
ns on trade were leading to bankruptcies and ruin, particularly of the small t
rader with very little financial backing - ruin which was the first stage to s
tarvation in view of the shortage and high price of rice. The small shopkeeper
and tradesman usually had no plot of land whereby they could augment their fo
od by growing vegetables.
政府所祭出的管制，都是让自己能够去多揩油污钱。这些管制下，从事商贩买卖的很难生
存，因为有金融支援，下场是破产倒闭。然后米价涨、供不应求，饥馑的开端。
＠关于二二八发生时作者的亲身经历：
We did not realise at the time that by this action we had saved the life of a
police inspector. He had taken refuge in the restaurant and the crowd were goi
ng to attack but were waiting till the Westerner had left the building. Our de
lay, therefore, had given the proprietor time to get the inspector out the bac
k way to make his escape.
林江迈遭查缉私菸事件后，民众开始上街抗议，局势动荡，包围警察局、在警局前放火等
等，并开始追打执法人员。但这段显示出的是，当时台湾人对于西方人士普遍抱持友善态
度，所以本来被包围的一个执法人员，受到作者是西方人的庇荫顺利躲过被民众围剿。
Shortly after our arrival back at the hotel we heard the mob surging down the
street and, on looking out, we found there was a large fire about 100 yards do
wn the street in front of the police station. The police having fled, the reco
rds had been taken by the Formosans and burned in the middle of the street. Th
ings were looking serious so we decided to pack and be ready for any emergency
. There was no sign of the police or military and the only Chinese to be seen
were in the hotel. With the guests and staff, we stood at the entrance. A man
came running past shouting “Your hotel is going to be burned tomorrow as you
keep Chinese”.
这边作者的笔下看得出来，台湾人对外省人的敌意是在高涨，威胁说要烧掉收留中国人的
旅馆，也就是作者下榻之处，但当然后来没烧，多半是因为作者是西方人的身分
然后接下来很大一个部分(很长，难解取原文精华片段，我也是瞄过而已)是作者讲述说，
他受市长请托去跟中国军队做停火交涉等等，因为作者不懂中文，所以随时都要人来翻译
，一下英文翻中文、中文翻日文等等。
然后作者跑到军事基地去交涉，五顶上都有狙击手什么的，后来发生一个插曲，总之谈判
破裂。之后，中国军队开始派出机枪等等反击，作者差点也死在下榻旅馆，眼睛距离中国
兵手上的刺刀只有几公分之隔，但作者最后没死因为他拼命大喊英文，让人家知道他是西
方人–这边看得出来不管是台湾人或中国兵，没人想去得罪西方人。
＠关于陈仪后来派兵镇压：
(中间作者还有发生一些事但我直接跳来这一段，这一段对比其他作者的内容是很短，作
者也只是简单描述，但镇压的惨状实在是很吓人)
(发这篇人的重点也在这边，因为国高中历史教科书顶多只写个什么清乡而已，到底中国
兵跨海来事怎么镇压的，细节没提过半个字)
Governor Chen Yi kept the rebels at bay with promises until reinforcements arr
ived from the mainland. Then they began a systematic murder of the populace, s
hooting on sight. Truck loads of troops armed with machine-guns and automatic
rifles quickly sped from the port of Keelung to Taipei.
陈仪从对岸烙来的军队开始进行系统性屠杀，见人就杀。部署著自动机关枪的车队很快从
基隆开到了台北。
Not content with firing at people on the street, they fired indiscriminately i
nto shops and houses. In one village between Taipei and Keelung twenty youths
were castrated, their ears were cut off and their noses slit before they were
bayoneted. Their bodies joined lots of others for many days to come. It was no
t an uncommon sight to see bodies floating down the river.
不甘于在街上扫射，军队无差别性地对店家和民房开火。在一个位于基隆与台北间的小镇
，二十个年轻人被割去睾丸，在被刺刀刺杀之前，耳朵和鼻子被切掉。看到尸体漂流在河
面上的景象并不罕见。
A boy riding a bicycle apparently did not get off quickly enough when ordered
by the police. They made him hold out his hands and slashed them with a bayone
t before running him through.
一个男孩骑着自行车在路上，只是因为没有遵照警察指示即刻停课下车，就命令他伸出手来
并砍断之，最后(应该也是用刺刀)贯穿他身体。
In Taipei, also, it was the custom for troops, when searching houses, to shoot
the first one to open the door.
在台北，这是个部队的习惯，也就是在搜查房子时，会去射杀第一个来应门的人
Early in the rebellion a party of middle-school students went to Manka station
to see about a train going home, and two tried to inquire from the station-ma
ster. The military police called them and would not let them come out of the s
tation. The other students, waiting outside and wondering what had happened to
them, decided also to go into the station. The four or five military police t
hen fired on them without warning and about twenty were killed.
在暴动开始之初，有一群学生去艋舺车站，其中两个学生进去问站长回家的班次怎么坐，
军警叫出了这个学生，并不放他们出去跟其他同学会合。在外面等的其他同学察觉情况不
对，便入站内探询。结果在没被事先警告之下，四、五名军警直接对他们开火，二十个人
被杀。
For days manhunts went on, and for months people kept disappearing. No-one kno
ws how many were killed.
“猎人行动”持续著，好几个月以来人不断地消失。没人知道多少人被杀