大家好，请问一下
1.
在OALD9看到这样的解释：
time trial
noun
(in cycle racing and some other sports) a race in which the people who are
taking part race on their own in as fast a time as possible, instead of
racing against each other at the same time
https://goo.gl/JXuB6V
请问为何不是 ...taking part in race...呢？
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2.
在Oxford Dictionary of English 3rd看到这样的解释：
time attack
Fencing
noun
An attack by means of which one may gain time on one's opponent, especially
one launched when he or she has only just begun to prepare an attack.
https://goo.gl/1W3o7j
想请教当中的两个one和he or she代指的对象：
a. 'one may gain time'的one指“某人”(a person)

1. a race in which [(the people who are takingpart) race on their own...]前面 in which 的 in 就是 take part in 的 in

我猜你是在Roman的#6之后更新这篇的。他已经回答你了 --原句即使是英文母语的人，遇到这种不熟悉内容背景的情况(... don't know much about fencing ... not very clearto a layman ...)仍是得"assume"。字典为了省空间得用最少的字去表达(特别是你用的这本Oxford)，换句话说得牺牲更详细的内容描述，这种模糊性无法避免。也就是说你硬要得到一个“明确的单一标准答案”本来就是....