各位好,(鲁妹不才在国外读书,不是故意文章要夹杂英文)
教授教了equality, efficiency (不要问我他干嘛不教equity...)
虽说名词解释了但我还是不太懂要怎么分辨,
因为我在非英文系国家读书但学校英文授课,我们母语都非英语,所以有时我也怀疑我是否误会教授意思(他的叙述)
因此上来请教各位前辈....
教授定义:
1. Efficiency: the society gets the maximum benefits from its scarce resources,
我自己找到定义:the optimal production and allocation of resources given existing factors of production.
2. equality: the benefits are distributed uniformly among the member of the society.
问题:explain whether each of the following government activities is motivated by a concern about equality or a concern about efficiency. In the case of efficiency, discuss the type of market failure
1.regulating water fee
我觉得两者皆有,equality是因为使用者付费;efficiency因为碍于水费,大家会节制用水限度,所以没被用到的水可以分给更多人使用
2.providing some poor people with vouchers that can be used to by food
只有equality,所以穷人可以如其他人一样得到食物
3.prohibiting smoking in public places
两者皆有,吸烟造成许多无形社会成本(健保支出),课税增进equality不然没抽的人要帮负担健保费用不公平;而政府因为课税增加税收可再分配资源(efficiency)
4.breaking up the telephone monopoly into several smaller companies
只有equality,所以民众有选择其他家的自由、有选择权
5.imposing higher personal income tax rates on people with higher incomes
两者皆有,理由类似问题3
6.instituting laws against driving while intoxicated
两者皆有,酒驾导致家破人亡,政府制定法律降低酒驾;民众得以安心驾驶享受到用路公平
我承认我实在搞不懂有些题目跟efficiency, equality到底哪里沾上边?!再来是回答这些题目时是否要站在政府&百姓角度思考会有不同答案?请高手指证我的回答,我知道我的答案有错,但我当局者迷啊...谢谢!