英国的新闻，德法两国核准老年人使用AZ疫苗。
前情提要：德法之前不让老人打AZ(还有加拿大也是)，让德国人拿到AZ后嫌不够好，
民众比较希望打BNT和辉瑞，搞得德国的AZ剩一堆，影响到疫苗施打率。
完整标题：Covid: Germany approves AstraZeneca vaccine for over-65s
发稿单位：英国BBC
发稿时间：2 hours ago (英国时间2021/03/04)
撰 稿 者：没写
原文连结：https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-56275342
德国疫苗委员会已批准对65岁以上的民众使用牛津阿斯特捷利康疫苗。
在此之前德国只让65岁以下民众使用，理由是AZ对老年人效力资讯不足。
这引起民众怀疑AZ的效力，一些德国人拒打，留下许多AZ疫苗乏人问津。
但是德国总理梅克尔表示，最近的研究已提供足够的数据，可让所有年龄群施打。
德国卫生部长史巴恩（Jens Spahn）周四宣布该委员会的决定，此举“对于等待注射的老
年人是个好消息。”
部长说：“新数据显示，第一剂和第二剂相隔12周的话，疫苗会更有效。”他补充，将依
此更新规定。
梅克尔周三表示，德国将效仿英国扩大疫苗剂量间隔的做法，尽可能提供更多人注射第一
剂疫苗的机会。
各种研究显示，阿斯特捷利康疫苗在老年人中非常有效。
继法国之后，比利时也将批准对老人施打疫苗。
到目前为止，约有5％的德国人已接种第一剂疫苗。
【是什么导致对阿斯特捷利康疫苗的怀疑？】
欧盟医疗监管机构在一月份批准牛津阿斯特捷利康疫苗可用于所有年龄层。
但是，在法国、比利时和意大利等国家的监管机构建议不给老人用后，民众对疫苗感到
质疑。与德国一样，认为对该年龄组的保护效力资讯不足。
法国总统马克龙1月份表示，这疫苗对老人没路用，此说法遭到英国政府和医疗监管机构
强烈驳斥。
这场争执是在阿斯特捷利康与欧盟间就向成员国提供疫苗的激烈纠葛中进行的。
在此之后，阿斯特捷利康疫苗在几个欧洲国家乏人闻问，减缓了疫苗接种速度。
同时，英国批准所以年龄层使用阿斯特捷利康疫苗，已向2070万人施打第一剂，几乎占其
人口的三分之一。
上周，德国免疫学学会负责人沃茨（Carsten Watzl）敦促德国改变对牛津阿斯特捷利康
疫苗的态度。
他在接受BBC采访时预测，监管机构将不得不改变原先不建议老人使用的决定，并建议梅
克尔应在电视上直播打疫苗，以证明它是安全的。
【德国计划如何放宽封锁管制？】
...谈德国放宽管制的阶段。省略。
Germany's vaccine commission has approved the use of the Oxford-AstraZeneca
jab in people aged over 65.
The country previously approved it for under-65s only, citing insufficient
data on its effects on older people.
That led to public scepticism about its effectiveness, with some Germans
spurning it and leaving many doses unused.
But German Chancellor Angela Merkel said recent studies had now provided
enough data to approve it for all ages.
Announcing the commission's decision on Thursday, Health Minister Jens Spahn
said the move was "good news for older people who are waiting for an
injection".
"The new data also shows that the vaccine is even more effective when the
first and second jabs are administered 12 weeks apart," the minister said,
adding that the law would be updated to incorporate the new recommendations.
Mrs Merkel said on Wednesday that Germany would follow the UK example of
stretching the interval between vaccine doses in order to offer as many
people as possible an initial shot.
Various studies have shown the AstraZeneca vaccine is highly effective among
the elderly.
Belgium says it will also approve the vaccine for older people, following
France earlier this week.
About 5% of Germans have so far received a first vaccine shot.
What led to scepticism about the AstraZeneca jab?
The EU's medical regulator approved the use of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine
for all age groups in January.
But the rollout was met by some public scepticism after regulators in
countries including France, Belgium and Italy recommended that it should not
be used for people over 65. Like Germany, they citied insufficient data on
its efficacy for older people.
In January French President Emmanuel Macron said the jab was
"quasi-ineffective" for older age groups - a suggestion strongly refuted by
the UK government and British medical regulators.
The debate came amid an acrimonious dispute between AstraZeneca and the EU
over vaccine supplies to member states.
Since then, stocks of the Oxford-AstraZeneca jab have gone unused in several
European countries, slowing vaccination efforts.
Meanwhile the UK - which approved the Oxford-AstraZeneca jab for all age
groups - has offered a first dose of a vaccine to 20.7 million people, almost
a third of its population.
Last week Carsten Watzl, head of the German Society for Immunology, urged his
country to change its mind on the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine.
In an interview with the BBC, he predicted regulators would have to reverse
their decision to not recommend the jab for older people and suggested Mrs
Merkel should take the vaccine live on TV to prove it is safe.
How is Germany planning to ease restrictions?
Separately, Mrs Merkel said she had agreed to a phased easing of restrictions
with leaders of Germany's federal states but added that there was the option
of an "emergency brake" if case numbers got out of control.
"We are at the threshold of a new phase of the pandemic that we can go into
not carelessly but still with justified hope," Mrs Merkel said.
From Monday up to five people from two households will be allowed to meet,
with children under 14 exempt.
Some shops will reopen provided that regional case numbers are below 50 per
100,00 people. If cases rise over 50 per 100,000 then customers will have to
book slots to visit shops. If cases rise to over 100 per 100,000 over three
days in a row then restrictions will be reimposed.
What do we know about the AstraZeneca vaccine?
The UK has been using the vaccine made by AstraZeneca, a UK-Swedish
pharmaceutical firm, in its mass immunisation programme since December.
UK health officials say it provides "high levels of protection" for all ages.
No one who received the vaccine in trials was admitted to hospital or became
seriously ill with Covid-19.
The vaccine is given via two injections to the arm, the second between four
and 12 weeks after the first.
https://i.imgur.com/2nQxB6S.jpg
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以下个人意见。
AZ疫苗被德国人嫌弃，英国大外宣(?)BBC发了新闻说德法现在都通过老人施打囉~
而且AZ效果不错的这样。
法国核准老人施打的新闻是两天前发的：
Covid: France approves AstraZeneca vaccine for over-65s
2 days ago (英国时间 2021/03/02)
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-56242617
懒得翻...之前马克龙还嘴AZ对老人没效，结果现在也核准了XD
(quasi-ineffective这字到底是啥毁)
在欧洲，疫苗也是扯上政治。疫苗战争在英国和欧盟间打得比台湾还凶。
看了一下欧洲与英国AZ间的疫苗大战新闻，看来就是欧洲国家狂发AZ有够烂的新闻，
然后英国人就超不爽的哼哼你们都在黑AZ还好我脱欧了这样XDD
然后刚刚意大利禁止AZ疫苗输出到澳洲
Covid: Italy 'blocks' AstraZeneca vaccine shipment to Australia
50 minutes ago (英国时间 2021/03/04)
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-56279202
意大利是第一个使用欧盟新法规的欧盟国家，如果提供疫苗的公司未能履行对欧盟的义务
，意大利就停止出口。(意大利有AZ疫苗工厂)