Why can't the dry cleaner remove every stain?
为什么洗衣业者无法去除所有的污渍?
文章出处：
澳洲干洗协会Drycleaning Institute of Australia
http://0rz.tw/kZ81d
翻译者：
衣博士洗衣连锁 国安店/福雅店店长
(如需转载，请标明来源出处及翻译来源，谢谢)
Unfortunately for everyone, some stains are permanent.They simply become
part of the fabric. Continued attempts to remove them will cause dye loss
or fabric damage, known as chafing or fraying.
非常不幸的要告诉大家，有些污渍是永久性的。
这些污渍已变成布料的一部份，
持续性尝试去除污渍将会造成褪色或布料损坏，例如磨损。
Many stains are removed by the dry cleaning machine and require no additional
effort from the cleaner. A group of stains, called stubborn stains,
require the attention of a stain removal specialist.
The art of removing stains is called "spotting" and the person doing the
stain removal is called the "spotter". Spotting stubborn stains requires
a high level of skill, knowledge and experience.The spotter is typically
one of the highest paid employees in a dry cleaning plant.
许多污渍可以被干洗机轻易的去除。
但有部分顽强的污渍则需要去污专家的协助。
去除污渍的艺术被称为“去污处理”，
而负责去污的人士则被称为“去污技师”。
要去除顽强的污渍需要高超的技术、知识和经验。
而去污技师通常也是整个洗衣公司中薪水最高的员工。
The Spotter's Dilemma - When presented with a stubborn stain,
spotters are eager to do everything possible to remove the stain,
however they must avoid damaging the fabric in the process.
Stubborn stains often require a combination of strong stain
removing solutions and a significant amount of mechanical action
to get them out. Not knowing how much effort it's going to take,
the spotter will try using the mildest stain removal methods and solutions
first. If the stain remains, they will try something a little stronger.
They will continue to repeat this process until either the stain is
successfully removed or the fabric begins to show signs of dye loss or chafing. At this point, they
must stop working on the stain. If they continue, they risk damaging the fabric.
去污技师的两难是，他非常想要尽一切可能来除去污渍，
然而他必须避免在处理过程中造成布料的损坏。
顽强污渍通常需要结合强大的去污方法和机械力量来去除污渍。
因为不知道布料到底能承受多大的洗净力道，
所以去污技师会优先使用最温和的去污方法。如果污渍依然存在，
技师就会加强洗净力，并会重复这样的过程直到污渍能成功的被去除，
或者布料在处理过程中已开始出现褪色或磨损的迹象而停止。
这时技师必须停止去污的处理，因为如果继续，就会造成布料的损害风险。
How do stains become permanent? - A stain can consist of virtually any liquid
substance that comes in contact with your clothes. Time usually determines
whether a stain can be removed or not. Almost all stains can be removed if
treated quickly enough.
However, most stains will become permanent if left untreated too long.
污渍如何才会变成永久性的呢?
污渍会包含任何液态物质来与你的衣物接触，
而接触时间长短通常决定了污渍能否被去除。
如果沾到污渍马上处理的话，几乎所有的污渍都能被去除，
然而大部分污渍拖太久没处理的话就会变永久性污渍。
When first coming into contact with fabric, most stains will initially remain
on the surface and can be removed relatively easily. Over time,
stains absorb into the fabric and permeate the fibres.
They begin to react with the fabric's dye.
A chemical change takes place and the stain literally changes the colour of
the fabric. Stains often turn light fabrics darker or dark fabrics lighter.
These colour changes in the fabric are almost always permanent.
Once this takes places, even if the spotter removes the original stain,
the fabric where the stain was is now a different colour.
It looks like the stain is still there, but it's not.
What you are seeing is the permanent damage that the stain caused.
当布料第一时间接触到污渍，
大部分污渍最初会停留在表面而能轻易的被去除。
随着时间过去，污渍会被布料吸收而渗进纤维，并开始与布上的染料相互反应。
化学反应的发生造成污渍改变了布料的颜色，
而污渍通常会让浅色系布料变暗，让深色布料变浅。
这种布料上颜色的变化一旦发生几乎就是永久性的，
即使去污技师去除了原来的污渍，布料上原本污渍的地方也会出现不同的颜色，
看起来就像污渍仍旧在那边，其实你看到的已经是污渍造成的永久性损害。
Heat causes the same type of stain "setting" that time does.
You should never apply heat of any kind to a stain.
Do not iron a stained garment and do not put it in the dryer.
另外，不要尝试用热来处理任何种类的污渍，
譬如熨烫衣服上的污渍或是丢进烘衣机等，
这都会造成与污渍长时间不处理同样的永久性效果。