[自驾]
1. 两套以上独立的自驾系统(备援、冗余)
2. 承1，两套系统可以互相检视比对，一旦发生失效，系统会自行侦测到失效
3. 失效后在人不介入(接管)的条件下仍能保持安全
4. 重新恢复运作需要靠人接管
[辅助]
1. 系统单一
2. 当系统做了错误判断，没有另一套机制，所以系统压根不知道产生错误
3. 系统无法自行侦测失效
4. 全仰赖在驾驶座的驾驶人注意和随时接管
像Waymo这类自驾车
驾驶方式很笨拙，在限定区域的开放道路运行仍有一堆bug问题(卡住、逆向)
这些bug失效无法预期哪时出现，但发生当下系统
1. 能侦测到失效
2. 在人尚未接管下保持安全性
简单讲就是满足失效安全
直到人类接管并恢复运作
Criuse则是辗死前车撞飞的人，即便车能停下但无法确保安全性，被要求需要安全驾驶
FSD会在绝大多数(99.9%)的条件下驾驶方式更接近人类
但机器学习、AI不可能训练到完美(可能喂越多数据反而造成某些场景应对退步)
所以当今天遇到那极低的0.1%情况
系统出错但系统并不认为失效(也没法侦测到失效)
就得全靠驾驶人判断是否要立即介入接管
像是ISO 26262功能安全、ISO 21448预期功能安全(SOTIF)、FIT(Failures In Time)
这些都是政府核准自驾牌照的依据，之前也都提过了
※ 引述《LimYoHwan (gosu mage)》之铭言：
: https://tinyurl.com/bvkhn237
: 简易翻译：
: Cruise公司表示,他们将恢复采用有安全驾驶员监督的自动驾驶模式。这是因为他们去年
: 发生的一起无人驾驶事故后,暂时停止了无人驾驶服务,并进行了全面的安全评估。
: 经过评估后,Cruise决定先恢复自动驾驶,但仍然会有安全驾驶员在车内监督。这可以在提
: 供自动驾驶功能的同时保证乘客安全。
: https://i.imgur.com/WVhDrCF.jpeg
: Cruise表示,这种监督式自动驾驶模式只是过渡阶段,他们最终的目标仍然是实现完全无人
: 驾驶。此次事故显示,即使是先进的自动驾驶技术,在实际运营中仍需要更谨慎的安全措施
: 。
: 齁，cruise配备这么多感知设备，一堆光达，也有备援系统，且通过政府法规认证可以运
: 行无人出租车，啊 怎么车上又放人了，那我可以认为“人”才是备援吗？那些光达根本
: 没屁用…..
: 自驾的瓶颈是AI问题还是光达、硬件问题？
: 车版大师表示？
: Starting this week, Cruise AVs will begin supervised autonomous driving in Pho
: enix as Cruise takes further steps towards returning to its driverless mission
: .
: For the past several weeks Cruise has been mapping and collecting road informa
: tion in Phoenix. Now, we will validate our AV’s end-to-end behaviors against
: our rigorous safety and AV performance requirements. During this phase, the Cr
: uise vehicles will drive autonomously with a safety driver present behind the
: wheel to monitor and take over if needed.
: Supervised autonomous driving is a critical validation phase prior to driverle
: ss deployment and builds on our extensive work in simulation, closed-course dr
: iving and more than 5 million driverless miles previously driven by our fleet
: to ensure safe performance on real-world roads and driving scenarios. Safety d
: rivers play an important role in testing the AV’s performance and the continu
: ous improvement of our technology. We’ll begin supervised autonomous driving
: in the city of Phoenix and will gradually expand to Scottsdale, Paradise Valle
: y, Tempe, Mesa, Gilbert and Chandler measured against predetermined safety ben
: chmarks.
: Safety is the defining principle for everything we do and continues to guide o
: ur progress towards resuming driverless operations. From comprehensive vehicle
: management before our AVs depart the garage to continuous driver monitoring a
: nd roadworthiness of the vehicle, we deploy rigorous safety procedures, protoc
: ols and performance requirements to ensure supervised autonomous operations ar
: e safe for operation on public roads.
: Our safety measures and procedures are multifaceted and can be grouped into th
: ree pillars:
: Product Safety: Cruise AVs are fully-integrated autonomous vehicles derived fr
: om the Chevy Bolt EV platform, manufactured by General Motors, and tested to v
: alidate that the vehicles meet all motor vehicle safety requirements after th
: e addition and installation of Cruise AV hardware (sensors, etc.). We have pro
: cedures in place to ensure our AVs are appropriately maintained and that new s
: oftware is thoroughly tested and validated through a measured release process
: prior to deploying to the fleet.
: Operational Safety: We have documented procedures and protocols in place to en
: sure the safety of our fleet operations for those in our vehicles and those we
: share the road with, including driver training, ongoing performance managemen
: t processes, and responsible scaling of operations.
: Enterprise Safety: Safe operations start with a safety-focused culture, and ev
: ery worker at Cruise is empowered and responsible for the safety of our produ
: ct and operations. We enable safety culture through appropriate governance, po
: licies, reporting mechanisms, and regular safety training.
: We are committed to partnering with the communities we serve, so whether human
: -driven or autonomous, we encourage any community member to report driving con
: cerns to our Community Feedback portal. When a concern is submitted, we will i
: nvestigate the claim and, as needed, take appropriate action. Our feedback for
: m: getcruise.com/support-center
: As we continue through this journey, we look forward to working with local com
: munities to jointly achieve our shared mission of making transportation safer
: for all.