题目：
__________ all the government red taps, Innova Technology's new manu
facturing plant would be operating by now.
(A) If not for
(B) In spite of
(C) As for
(D) Because of
疑问：请问(A)if not for 是if it were not for的简写吗？ 还是if it were not been
for的简略 ？我查其它资料是前者,但书本解答是后者。