大家好,我是Jacob (常春藤盟校宾州大学英语教学硕士),SK2TOEFL团队实力养成班顾
问,也专精在TOEFL机经(JJ)汇总整理,所以也可以叫我J2.
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同学应该都知道英文的文章每段的第一句话叫主题句(topic sentence), 顾名思义就是会
告诉你这段的主题一个句子,作者借由这句话开门见山地告诉你,整段的重点、主旨。
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但光是知道主题还不够,如果你能知道主题句里的controlling idea, 更能有预期心理,
抓到整个段落“接下来走向”。The controlling idea shows the direction the
paragraph will take.
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先用几个简单的句子来练习一下:
Topic Sentence:here are many reasons why pollution in ABC Town is the
worst in the world.
The topic is "pollution in ABC Town is the worst in the world" and the
controlling idea is "many reasons."
Topic Sentence:To be an effective CEO requires certain characteristics.
The topic is "To be an effective CEO" and the controlling idea is "certain
characteristics.”
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简单的句子看完,我们来看几个托福的句子,刚好上周日有同学考到Photography and
the Pictorial Weeklies这篇文章,是重复不少次的旧题且难度颇高,挑个几段的主题句
让大家练习一下吧!
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第三段主题句:Beyond supplying them with subjects, photography also
influenced what some illustrators drew and how they drew it.
Topic: Beyond supplying them with subjects, photography also influenced other
things.
Controlling idea: what some illustrators drew and how they drew it.
知道controlling idea后,同学也可以brainstorm一下可能的点有什么?也就是猜猜看摄
影会如何影响插画家绘画?多想也能培养主动思考能力喔!
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根据主题句,段落接下来应该要讲摄影影响绘画主题以及绘画方式,文章后来确实有提到
包括强调灯光的明暗、阴影等等。
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再试试看第四段主题句:The influence of photography can also be felt in a
shift in the general character of popular illustration that occurred in the
pictorial weeklies. 同学们可以先想想controlling idea是什么。
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Topic: The influence of photography can also be felt
controlling idea:shift in the general character
后来提到的shift in the general character是 from humor to greater formality
and dignity 从幽默或是漫画的形式变得比较正式。
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知道controlling idea还有另一个好处。 同学常提到一个阅读问题是:段落很长,常常
读到后面就忘了前面,只能记得这句在说什么,跟前面读到的连贯不起来。
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有controlling idea的话,读到的资讯是有“连贯性”的,所以比较不会读完这个句子就
又忘了前面,或者根本不知道整段作者想表达什么。我也常跟同学说,如果段落看完忘了
到底整段想说什么,那就回去看主题句,更准确的说,就是看主题句的controlling
idea.
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有了这个观念,相信能提升同学“主动阅读”的能力,开始试着用其他文章练习看看吧!
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Till next time,
Jacob
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