[分享] 作TPO前一定要知道的em dash by J2

楼主: robert416 (萝卜)   2022-03-03 16:25:31
大家好,我是J2.
中文的破折号,对应到英文是dash, 但英文又分成en dash跟em dash, 功能
不同,所以一定要搞清楚,平常在线上做TPO阅读时尤其重要,下面会慢慢
解释原因。
首先我们先把这些长短不一长得很像的标点符号分清楚,其实还有一个比en
dash更短的叫hyphen. 以下把这三胞胎分开好好的了解一下:
1. hyphen -
中文叫连字号,顾名思义是连接两个字或两个字以上用的,例如short-
term, self-restraint, twenty-one, well-behaved, nitrogen-fixing
bacteria, host-parasite relationships, well-to-do
2. en dash –
叫en dash因为跟英文字母n一样长,功能主要是表达“范围”,有时可解读
成to, 例如 10–12pm, 100–200
3. em dash —
这三个里面最长的,长度跟英文字母m一样长,所以叫em dash, 这个是在做
托福阅读最最需要知道的标点符号了,因为他通常会带出“补充资讯”,就
是要帮我们解释我们看不懂的那个专有名词拉!如果在句中出现两个em
dash, 这两个可以用逗号或是括号取代。
例如:
Dark, leafy greens—such as spinach, kale, and chard—are an
important part of a healthy diet.
回到最开始提到的,为何做TPO时,知道em dash很重要?因为很多能做TPO
的网站像是考满分,毕竟不是官方的,所以有时会出现typo, 这个错误是几
乎只要有em dash的,都会变成hyphen, 所以阅读时要特别注意一下。
帮同学整理几个TPO错误的例子:
TPO 4 Deer Populations of the Puget Sound
First, the major predators of deer-wolves, cougar, and lynx-have
been greatly reduced in numbers.
正确的应该是:
First, the major predators of deer—wolves, cougar, and lynx—have
been greatly reduced in numbers.
TPO 4 Petroleum Resources
Continued sedimentation-the process of deposits’ settling on the
sea bottom-buries the organic matter…
正确的应该是:
Continued sedimentation—the process of deposits’ settling on the
sea bottom—buries the organic matter…
Offshore drilling platforms extend the search for oil to the ocean
’s continental shelves-those gently sloping submarine regions at
the edges of the continents.
正确的应该是:
Offshore drilling platforms extend the search for oil to the ocean
’s continental shelves—those gently sloping submarine regions at
the edges of the continents.
有了以上的几个例子,之后看TPO阅读时应该比较能分出差别。
看到hyphen时,稍微想一下真的是hyphen还是其实是em dash, 才不会理解
错误喔!不过正式考试就不用担心了!
Cheers,
J2
作者: sonne1419 (Sonne)   2022-03-03 23:09:00
清楚的说明!

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