在先前文章提到过，在正式考试听力没有加试的情况下，艺术类是lecture
必考一题，但从今年初也普遍地开始在阅读出现。主题很多，包含画作、雕
塑、音乐、文学（诗）、电影等等。关于电影(motion picture, film)，底
下分享一些常见单字以及托福出现过的专有名词。虽然是专有名词，但提到
motion picture确很常出现，而且电影也跟生活息息相关，所以特别以这篇
文章分享，专有名词后也附上影片，同学也能顺便练习听力，
说不定下次考试就遇到囉！
1. snippet (n.) :a small part of something (such as a piece of
music, a conversation, etc.) 一小段
例：Early movies were simple snippets of action – acrobats tumbling,
horses running, jugglers juggling, and so on.
2. celluloid (n.)
1) a tough kind of plastic that was used in the past to make
photographic film and other products（尤指旧时用于制作电影胶片的）
赛璐珞，明胶
2) —often used before another noun to refer to movies in general
(总称)电影
例：The new movie is about thecelluloid[=movie]stars of the past.
3. kinetoscope (n.) :an object containing a very small hole
through which a person watched a film in the early days of film 活
动电影放映机
真题句子：Thomas Edison's peepshow device, the Kinetoscope, was
introduced to the public in 1894. It was designed for use in
Kinetoscope parlors, or arcades, which contained only a few
individual machines and permitted only one customer to view a
short, 50-foot film at any one time.
4. vitascope (n.) 投影式活动电影放映机
真题句子：Faced with competition, Edison perfected the Vitascope
and unveiled it in New York City in 1896.
更多介绍：
Vitascope, motion-picture projector patented byThomas Armatin 1895;
its principal features are retained in the modern projector:
sprocketed film operated with a mechanism (the “Maltese cross”) to
stop each frame briefly before the lens, and a loop in the film to
ease the strain. The Vitascope was adopted by Thomas A. Edison to
project his Kinetoscope films, leading first to the Nickelodeon
theatre and soon to the full-length motion picture.
5. phi phenomenon 飞现象
真题句子：Thephi phenomenonis the optical illusion of perceiving a
series of still images, when viewed in rapid succession, as
continuous motion.
影片参考：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zbzt7Cb2e4
6. Praxinoscope (n.) 镜射式动画幻影箱
The Praxinoscope is a typical optical toy from the 19th century.
It consists of a cylinder and a strip of paper showing twelve
frames for animation. As the cylinder rotates, stationary mirrors
in the centre reveal a ‘single image’ in motion.
影片参考：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4B3FHHt_k8
7. Thaumatrope (n.) a scientific toy devised in the 19th century,
consisting of a disc with a different picture on each of its two
sides, these appearing to combine into one image when the disc is
rapidly rotated. 动画纸盘, 留影盘
影片参考：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U32Sv99cDOs
想用三堂课知道更多最新考情趋势吗？还能把真题依学科分类，一小时讲完
一个学科，然后用真题先场演练验证吗？欢迎来上J2学科真题机经班：
http://j2toefl.blogspot.com/p/j2toefl.html
近期高分同学心得：
lkjhsshe: “阅读听力两堂: J2的阅读听力课大量补充了各学科的知识，个
人觉得上起来很像大学的通识课，可以长很多知识的同时更了解托福学科内
容，让我在做不熟的学科题目时能够不慌张...”
gtim811554: “我认为J2提供每个学科的Mind Map，很好的整理了该学科的
准备重点，例如：天文学喜欢出生命的出现、太阳系某行星的卫星;地质学
则喜欢物种灭绝的主题等等。”
holahola15:“J2 会透过真题补充各种常考主题的背景知识，包含了
生物、天文、考古、世界史、心理等等，以及分享了考前十四天的读书计画，
分主题类型的考题，让我能更容易找到自己比较弱的部分，内容很多但J2上课用
心智图带过，再讲解真题文章，上课其实可以理解很多概念，
会建议之后留比较多时间复习、或可以挑自己不熟的领域增加背景知识”
课程推荐对象（任一）：
＊阅读、听力答题率，会因为特定学科（如天文、历史）知识、单字不足，
起伏不稳的同学
＊实际考试口说、写作会变难，想先练习近期真题和难题者
＊考过多次，分数无法突破，希望下一战能稳定输出、达到目标的同学
J2TOEFL Blog:
http://j2toefl.blogspot.com/
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Cheers,
J2