楼主:
SKTWORosa (SK2Toefl Rosa)
2017-11-12 21:19:09大家好，我是SK2的Rosa，
今天要来分享highlight题的解法。
所谓的highlight题又称为句子简化题，
通常是令同学很头疼的题目，不只要花很多时间，而且常常会选错答案。
在开始讲解此题型之前，先来试试看以下这题你是否能够做对。
Both the rate of invasion and the rate of extinction vary greatly
among different plant species. Pioneer species – those that occur
only in the earliest stages of colonization – tend to have high
rates of invasion because they produce very large numbers of
reproductive propagules (seeds, spores, and so on) and because
they have an efficient means of dispersal (normally, wind)
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential
information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect
choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out
essential information.
A.The seeds of pioneer species are usually carried by the wind to
fertile sites, where they reproduce very efficiently.
B.Pioneer species are successful invaders because they produce
lots of seeds that are dispersed effectively.
C.Pioneer species produce their largest numbers of propagules
during the earliest stages of their colonization.
D.Pioneer species reproduce very quickly and efficiently because
they produce very large number of seeds.
很多同学都会觉得highlight题是要选包含题目全部文意的选项，事实上却
不然。
让我们来看看highlight题的题目，
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential
information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect
choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out
essential information.
注意essential一字，代表这种题型要的是最重要的资讯，并非要包含每个字。
他也不要严重改变题目意思或是遗漏重要资讯的选项。
在了解题干之后，我们来试着用以下这三个步骤解题吧！
STEP 1: 用句子架构抓重点
S—N that VO—VO because SVO(N) and because SVO(N).
当你只专注在找转折词抓架构时，你就会发现这题其实是个因果关系。
破折号以及括号里面的是补充资讯，所以不看，因此，我只看白色的区域。
S—N that VO—VO because SVO(N) and because SVO(N).
STEP 2: 简化句意
Pioneer species – those that occur only in the earliest stages of
colonization – tend to have high rates of invasion because they
produce very large numbers of reproductive propagules (seeds,
spores, and so on) and because they have an efficient means of
dispersal (normally, wind)
理解句意时，建议记笔记，待会能够更方便比对答案选项。
high invasion rates <—— high reproductive propagules & (+)
dispersal
STEP 3: 选答案
选答案时，尽量选择接近笔记意思的。
主题、态度或是架构不对都算是改变句意，不选。
TIP! 可以优先比对选项的主要子句，因为如果主要子句意思跟你刚刚想的
不一样，就不对了。
A.The seeds of pioneer species are usually carried by the wind to
fertile sites, where they reproduce very efficiently.
A选项的意思重点在seeds carried by the wind，并没有因果关系，意思不
完整不选。
B.Pioneer species are successful invaders because they produce
lots of seeds that are dispersed effectively.
B选项可以看成 invaders(+) <—— a lot of seeds spread efficiently
至少有因果关系，先保留。
C.Pioneer species produce their largest numbers of propagules
during the earliest stages of their colonization.
C选项的重点在produce largest number of propagules，没有因果关系，
刚刚在笔记中也没有最高级largest的印象，武断语气，不选。
D.Pioneer species reproduce very quickly and efficiently because
they produce very large number of seeds.
D选项可以翻译成 reproduce quickly and efficiently <—— produce
a lot of seeds，至少是因果关系，保留。
此时，再用笔记去比对B, D，看一下哪个最接近刚刚自己理解的意思。
high invasion rates <—— high reproductive propagules & (+)
dispersal
B invaders(+) <—— a lot of seeds spread efficiently
D reproduce quickly and efficiently <—— produce a lot of seeds
你会发现B的意思比较完整，有讲到结果（high invasion rates）以及包含
两个原因（seeds & spread efficiently），但是D没有提到原因二
（dispersal: wind），所以选B。
小提醒！
这种题型的笔记要精简再精简！假如你的笔记太复杂，就失去笔记的功用
了！
80% 这个题型，光是靠辨认主要子句的讯息就能够做对的！
此外，尽量用笔记作答，如果你记了笔记，还是要回原文中看整句话的意
思，笔记一样会失去功用。
我们不妨用刚刚教的技巧再做一题吧！
These Kinetoscope arcades were modeled on phonograph parlors,
which had proven successful for Edison several years earlier. In
the phonograph parlors, customers listened to recordings through
individual ear tubes, moving from one machine to the next to hear
different recorded speeches or pieces of music. The Kinetoscope
parlors functioned in a similar way. Edison was more interested in
the sale of Kinetoscopes (for roughly $1,000 apiece) to these
parlors than in the films that would be run in them (which cost
approximately $10 to $15 each). He refused to develop projection
technology, reasoning that if he made and sold projectors, then
exhibitors would purchase only one machine-a projector-from him
instead of several.
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential
information in the highlighted sentence from the passage?Incorrect
answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out
essential information.
A.Edison was more interested in developing a variety of machines
than in developing a technology based on only one.
B.Edison refused to work on projection technology because he did
not think exhibitors would replace their projectors with newer
machines.
C.Edison did not want to develop projection technology because it
limited the number of machines he could sell.
D.Edison would not develop projection technology unless exhibitors
agreed to purchase more than one projector from him.
做完了吗？我们一样来用三步骤检讨。
STEP 1: 用句子架构抓重点
SVO, Ving that if SVO, then SVO.
看到了reasoning that，了解这题其实是个因果关系，因此，我会看白色的
区域。
SVO, Ving that if SVO, then SVO.
STEP 2: 简化句意
He refused to develop projection technology, reasoning that if he
made and sold projectors, then exhibitors would purchase only one
machine-a projector-from him instead of several.
我的笔记： X develop P tech. <—- purchase only 1 machine.
STEP 3: 选答案
A.Edison was more interested in developing a variety of machines
than in developing a technology based on only one.
A选项有 more…than， 是比较关系，不是因果关系，而且态度
(interested)也不对，故不选。
B.Edison refused to work on projection technology because he did
not think exhibitors would replace their projectors with newer
machines.
B选项为因果关系，但是原因不对，would not replace不等于 purchase
only 1 machine，改变句意，故不选。
C.Edison did not want to develop projection technology because it
limited the number of machines he could sell.
C选项为因果关系，而且前面态度对，后面也有提到数量的问题，所以保
留。
D.Edison would not develop projection technology unless exhibitors
agreed to purchase more than one projector from him.
D选项看到unless，已经改变题目的架构了，没有because等表达因果关系的
字眼，而且unless语气较强烈，为武断语气，改变句意，不选。
这题选C
你会发现这种题型熟练之后，是可以在1-1.5分钟内做对的！
假如你很不会此题型，请先学会辨识英文的句子架构。
你只要会抓主要子句，就会抓重点，这种题型便不是问题。
同时间，假如你这种题型很容易做错，那也意味着你不会抓重点，在阅读
时，便很有能会会有以下这些阅读问题：读太细、记太多资讯、作答太慢、
容易误解句意等。
因此，会建议你熟悉英文句子架构，也可以从阅读这本书开始，黄玟君的观
念英文阅读──从看懂句子开始，此书教你如何分辨英文里面的主词与动
词，写得非常浅显易懂，会判断SVO之后，再去看托福文章就会快很多。
最后，假如你发现你阅读会做超时、答题率不稳、常重复看同一个段落、容
易选错答案选项，欢迎你于十一月末，免费进班上阅读，学习如何用scan与
skim加快阅读速度喔！
有兴趣的同学请寄信至 [email protected]，主旨为
[日期＿阅读免费进班听课]，内文附上中英文姓名。
11/19（日）19:00-20:30 （Rosa讲解如何scan, skim, 做架构式笔记）
11/22（三）19:00-20:30 （Rosa讲解如何scan, skim, 做架构式笔记）
阅读其实不只在托福里面是拿分的关键，更是你出国唸书之后，很重要的能
力，了解如何更有效率的阅读，能够帮助你在日常生活中预习、复习时节省
非常多的时间，因此，鼓励同学在日常生活中就要好好培养阅读习惯以及阅
读能力，别等到了考试前，才急着做考古题喔！
Cheers,
SK2 Rosa ^ ___ ^