大家好，我是SK2 TOEFL 的 Lia～
今天要来和大家分享略读的技巧。
略读在托福中是非常基本但重要的能力，这是因为托福考试涵盖各种科普领
域，背景学科的概论，考的并不是逐字逐句了解每句关代或者形容词子句的
意思，而是希望在有限时间内测试同学是否能够抓出整篇意旨。此阅读技能
需要时间理解、练习才能内化，然而，只要加以练习， 略读必定能帮助你
在阅读时更有效率。
什么是略读呢？实际上，就是快速抓到每个句子的剧情。
阅读的首要任务即是“化繁为简”。在练习阅读时，我们应该先读“句子的
主要结构”，力求了解句子的意思，判断“句中哪里有新资讯”。初遇一篇
文章，应先思考：“句子主角是谁？主词是“人、事还是物”？ （主词即
为“从事该事件的对象”），同时往下阅读，找寻针对该“主语”有何“叙
述”，亦即，此主角“到底发生什么事”？
以上即为阅读的基本：在阅读文章时，我们在抓“剧情”、“认识作者对该
事物的态度”及“化繁为简将段落变成简单的画面感”。
略读句子的步骤：
1. 将句子主语（即主角）找到。
思考能对应主语的“动词”，往下寻找动词，再兜起来，往下阅读，看句
子中是否还有其他补充的次要资讯。因此，读句子时，应先读“结构”、再
读“主要资讯的主词动词”，最后才是补读“补充资讯”。
2. 往下抓新资讯。
举以下句子为例：
The development of the modern presidency in the United States
began with Andrew Jackson who swept to power in 1829 at the head
of the Democratic Party and served until 1837.
在阅读此句时，我会先抓句子结构，一边抓句子结构一边找寻句子中主要的
“新资讯”，意即“该句子中主要子句的主词、动词”。
抓句子结构：The development of (something) began with....
(something happening)
句子次要结构：The development of ...began with (someone who swept
into power in (this time) and served until (that time).
抓句子主要内容：The development of presidency in the U.S. began
with Jackson.
抓句子次要内容：Jackson swept to power in 1829 and served until
1837.
剩余资讯不重要。
简化画面后，我的脑海会自动过滤资讯为：
The development of (something [=US presidency] ) began with (this
person in power) (at this time).
反复练习skim 后，抓句子主要资讯的能力会愈练愈快，也由于每个句子都
已化繁为简，阅读者将更能消化句子内容，进而思考文句关联。
以下，我为各位简化了一小段文章。若能用略读方法读过文章，便会发现在
过滤资讯资后，段落的旨意将更加明确。
原文： During Jackson's second term, his opponents had gradually
come together to form the Whig party. Whigs and Democrats held
different attitudes toward the changes brought about by the
market, banks, and commerce.
拆句加简化：
1. During Jackson's second term, his opponents had gradually come
together to form the Whig party.
During Jackson’s term, his opponents formed the W.
2. Whigs and Democrats held different attitudes toward the changes
brought about by the market, banks, and commerce.
W and D had different opinions toward (changes) of market and
commerce.
原文：The Democrats tended to view society as a continuing
conflict between "the people”—farmers, planters, and workers—
and a set of greedy aristocrats. This "paper money aristocracy" of
bankers and investors manipulated the banking system for their own
profit, Democrats claimed, and sapped the nation's virtue by
encouraging speculation and the desire for sudden, unearned
wealth.
拆句加简化：
1. The Democrats tended to view society as a continuing conflict
between "the people” ”—farmers, planters, and workers—and a
set of greedy aristocrats.
The Ds see society as a conflict between poor people and greedy
people.
2. This "paper money aristocracy" of bankers and investors
manipulated the banking system for their own profit, Democrats
claimed, and sapped the nation's virtue by encouraging speculation
and the desire for sudden, unearned wealth.
This (power) of rich bankers controlled the system for their own
profit, Ds said.
此句精简后，可理解作者的态度为 => (So, the Ds believe rich people
are selfish.)
Ds say: “This power of bankers” sapped the nation’s virtue by
doing something.
Doing what? -> Bankers encourage desire for sudden wealth.
So, by doing this, they will sap the nation’s virtue.
（这时，我心里就会思考：能否猜出sap的意思?)
sap: to drain, to deprive, to proceed by digging a sap, to
gradually diminish the supply
原文：
The Democrats wanted the rewards of the market without sacrificing
the features of a simple agrarian republic. They wanted the wealth
that the market offered without the competitive, changing society;
the complex dealing; the dominance of urban centers; and the loss
of independence that came with it.
拆句加简化：
1. The Democrats wanted the rewards of the market without sacrificing
the features of a simple agrarian republic.
The Ds wanted the rewards of market without losing a simple republic.
2. They wanted the wealth that the market offered without the
competitive, changing society; the complex dealing; the dominance
of urban centers; and the loss of independence that came with it.
They want the wealth of market but they do not want changing
society and loss of independence.
最后，让我们再比较一次原文及略读简化后的差异：
原文：
During Jackson's second term, his opponents had gradually come
together to form the Whig party. Whigs and Democrats held
different attitudes toward the changes brought about by the
market, banks, and commerce.The Democrats tended to view society
as a continuing conflict between "the people”—farmers, planters,
and workers—and a set of greedy aristocrats. This "paper money
aristocracy" of bankers and investors manipulated the banking
system for their own profit, Democrats claimed, and sapped the
nation's virtue by encouraging speculation and the desire for
sudden, unearned wealth.The Democrats wanted the rewards of the
market without sacrificing the features of a simple agrarian
republic. They wanted the wealth that the market offered without
the competitive, changing society; the complex dealing; the
dominance of urban centers; and the loss of independence that came
with it.
略读后：
During Jackson’s term, his opponents form the W. party. W and D
held different attitude towards changes by market. The D. view
society as conflict between people and greedy ones. Bankers
controlled the system for own profits, D says, and drain the
nation by encouraging desires. The Ds wanted the rewards of market
without losing a simple republic. They want the wealth of market
but they do not want a changing society and loss of independence.
观察略读前及略读后的版本，大家应不难发现，略读可帮助你将所有阅读的
篇章简化，而简化后的画面，往往更能显示段落的主核心和作者态度。理解
了这个方法后，赶快来找文章试试吧！
祝大家在准备托福的过程中，不只是应付阅读题型，更是享受阅读的过程！
～～SK2 TOEFL Lia