原文标题：US Quietly Urges Russia Fertilizer Deals to Unlock Grain Trade
原文连结：https://tinyurl.com/49h76exn
发布时间：2022年6月14日 上午12:18 [GMT+8]
记者署名：Elizabeth Elkin, Daniel Flatley, and Jennifer Jacobs
原文内容：(翻译为个人浓缩简化而来，与原意会有些许差异，仅供参考)
The US government is quietly encouraging agricultural and shipping companies
to buy and carry more Russian fertilizer, according to people familiar with
the efforts, as sanctions fears have led to a sharp drop in supplies, fueling
spiraling global food costs.
根据知情人士消息，因为对俄罗斯的经济制裁所引发的恐慌导致全球粮食供给急遽下降，
进而推升全球粮食价格，美国政府正悄悄地鼓励务农公司购买更多俄罗斯肥料，并请航运
业者运送更多俄罗斯肥料。
The effort is part of complex and difficult negotiations underway involving
the United Nations to boost deliveries of fertilizer, grain and other farm
products from Russia and Ukraine that have been disrupted by President
Vladimir Putin’s invasion of his southern neighbor.
乌俄战争影响乌俄两国肥料及农产品的运输，为了解决这个问题，联合国进行一连串复杂
又困难的协商，才达到这项成果。
US and European officials have accused the Kremlin of using food as a weapon,
preventing Ukraine from exporting. Russia denies that even as it has attacked
key ports, blaming the shipment disruptions on sanctions imposed by the US
and its allies over the invasion.
美国及欧洲官员指控克里姆林宫阻挡乌克兰粮食出口，以粮食危机做为威胁手段。俄罗斯
否认，并指出美国与其盟友对俄罗斯的制裁造成粮食运输受到干扰。
The EU and the US have built exemptions into their restrictions on doing
business with Russia to allow trade in fertilizer, of which Moscow is a key
global supplier. But many shippers, banks and insurers have been staying away
from the trade out of fear they could inadvertently fall afoul of the rules.
Russian fertilizer exports are down 24% this year. US officials, surprised by
the extent of the caution, are in the seemingly paradoxical position of
looking for ways to boost them.
莫斯科为全球重要的肥料供应地。即使欧盟及美国已经免除与俄罗斯的肥料交易限制，
许多航运业者、银行及保险公司深怕不经意受到经济制裁的牵连，仍避免与俄罗斯购买
肥料。俄罗斯肥料出口今年下滑24%，对此感到意外的美国官员正在找寻解决方案，设法
促进立场尴尬的业者们与俄罗斯进行肥料交易。
The US push underlines the challenge facing Washington and its allies as they
seek to increase pressure on Putin over his invasion but also limit the
collateral damage to a global economy which is heavily dependent on commodity
supplies from Russia ranging from natural gas and oil to fertilizer and
grains. Prices for all of those have spiked further since the war started in
February, a point Putin regularly makes in his public efforts to undermine
support for sanctions.
美国与其盟友目前正面临一项挑战，一方面要向普丁的侵略行为施加更多压力，另一方面
也希望减少施压对全球经济造成连带的损害。凡举天然气及石油，到肥料与粮食，全球对
这些来自俄罗斯物资具高度依赖性，这些物资自2月乌俄战争爆发后价格不断攀升，普丁
也时常拿攀升的物价呼吁各国降低对经济制裁的支持。
Washington sent a representative to UN-led talks in Moscow earlier this month
on the supply issues, according to people familiar with the situation who
spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss matters that aren’t public.
Inadequate fertilizer deliveries this year could also affect next year’s
crops.
根据匿名人士提供的非公开消息，华府在本月(6月)稍早派员到莫斯科参加联合国主办有关
供应议题的说明会，今年肥料运送不利可能影响今年甚至明年的粮食收成。
The White House didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment.
白宫仍未对此作出回应。
The Kremlin has called on the US provide assurances to buyers and shippers of
its fertilizer and grain that they aren’t subject to sanctions, suggesting it
’s a condition of any steps to unblock shipments of Ukrainian farm products
now.
克里姆林宫向美国喊话，希望美国保证向俄罗斯购买肥料及粮食的买家及运送人不会受
到制裁，并建议现在应该尽一切手段开放乌克兰农产品的运输。
“For Russia, it’s really important that U.S. authorities send a clear
signal that these deals are permitted and in the interest of global food
security and they shouldn’t refuse to carry them out,” said Ivan Timofeev,
spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss matters that aren’t public.
Inadequate fertilizer deliveries this year could also affect next year’s
crops.
根据匿名人士提供的非公开消息，华府在本月(6月)稍早派员到莫斯科参加联合国主办有关
供应议题的说明会，今年肥料运送不利可能影响今年甚至明年的粮食收成。
The White House didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment.
白宫仍未对此作出回应。
The Kremlin has called on the US provide assurances to buyers and shippers of
its fertilizer and grain that they aren’t subject to sanctions, suggesting it
’s a condition of any steps to unblock shipments of Ukrainian farm products
now.
克里姆林宫向美国喊话，希望美国保证向俄罗斯购买肥料及粮食的买家及运送人不会受
到制裁，并建议现在应该尽一切手段开放乌克兰农产品的运输。
“For Russia, it’s really important that U.S. authorities send a clear
signal that these deals are permitted and in the interest of global food
security and they shouldn’t refuse to carry them out,” said Ivan Timofeev,
a sanctions specialist at the Kremlin-founded Russian International Affairs
Council.
克里姆林宫的俄罗斯国际事务委员会其中一位制裁专家Ivan Timofeev指出，“对俄罗斯
来说，美国当局是否释出一个明确的讯号非常重要，这类物资的交易应准许进行，并对全球
粮食安全有
利，且不应拒绝运送这类物资。”
While Russia claims that sanctions fears are also holding back its grain
exports, total shipments this season are down only 14%, and wheat exports
doubled in May, according to the country’s Grain Union.
俄罗斯主张对制裁的捆剧也使得俄罗斯粮食出口渐少，根据俄罗斯粮食公会资料，本季粮
食总运量仅降14%，小麦出口在五月翻倍。
By contrast, more than 25 million tons of grain, sunflower oil and other
commodities are stuck in Ukraine because of security fears in the Black Sea
ports and shipping lanes traditionally used to carry them to global markets.
Officials warn the situation will become more dire with the new harvest
beginning.
此外，因为黑海的安全性疑虑加上黑海的港口与航线自古以来就是运送乌克兰物资到全
球市场的重要管道，超过2千5百吨的粮食、葵花油及其他商品仍卡在乌克兰。官员警告
这样的状况可能会因为开始新一波收成季而更加恶化。
Talks on releasing those shipments have gone slowly, with Putin seeking to
pin the blame on Ukraine for not wanting to remove mines from ports placed to
defend them from possible attacks by Russian forces. Kyiv has said it’s not
convinced by Moscow’s assurances that it won’t strike, noting that Russia
also insisted before the war that it wouldn’t invade.
普丁指责乌克兰不愿意移除港口的水雷，舒解乌克兰物资运输的相关讨论持续进行缓慢。
基辅当局指出，它们无法相信莫斯科提出不会攻打港口的保证，因为俄罗斯在开战前也宣
称绝对不会入侵乌克兰。
De-Mining Ukraine’s Ports May Take Months, UN Agency Says
联合国官员指出，乌克兰港口除雷要花上好几个月。
Russia won the support of Turkey in its calls for sanctions relief last week,
but Ankara’s efforts to mediate a solution to restart shipments so far haven
’t yielded results.
俄罗斯呼吁停止制裁在上周获得土耳其的支持，但土耳其付出的努力尚未调解出重启运输
的成果。
Shipping companies remain extremely wary of the Black Sea given sanctions and
security fears, and industry officials say a more concerted international
push will be needed to reassure them. Efforts to ship Ukrainian produce by
rail to Europe have yield limited results amid differing track gauges and
other logistical issues.
在制裁及安全疑虑下，航运公司仍对于黑海保持极度忧心，业者指出目前仍需要更具体的
跨国支持让他们放心。透过铁路将乌克兰的产品送往欧洲仅能带来有限的效果，且有铁道
规格不同及其他物流问题。
“We’re working together with our partners to get about half of what Ukraine
exports out each month,” but that will take some time, James O’Brien, head
of the Office of Sanctions Coordination at the State Department, told an
online briefing June 9. “So we’re looking at a substantial shortfall.”
美国政府的制裁协调办公室主任James O’Brien在6月9日指出“我们正与合作伙伴努力协
助取得乌克兰每月出口半数商品，但这仍需要一些时间，因此我们目前还在找寻短期替代
方案。”
心得/评论：
美国为了通膨焦头烂额，
失智老人一点用都没有，
到头来还是要想办法解决乌俄问题或者开放俄罗斯便宜产品。