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作者: oneop (王者) 看板: juniorhigh
标题: [情报] 【国中英文文法】关系代名词-基本篇
时间: Fri Apr 24 10:06:15 2015
【英文文法】关系代名词-基本篇
原文网址:http://goo.gl/LBG56u
观念导入
‧ 关系代名词主要功能为了接出子句为前面提到的人事物做进一步说明
‧ 本篇不讨论分类所谓的名词子句、形容词子句 or XXX子句
反正考试不会问是哪一种子句，只会问要放哪一个关系代名词
因此我们需要了解的是关系代名词的功能，考试才不会慌乱
本章大纲
‧ Which
‧ Who
‧ That
‧ What
‧ Where
‧ Whom
‧ Whose
‧ How
Which
定义
‧ Which 是为了进一步修饰”事物”代表 things
例句1:
‧ Jeffmissed the conference call which lists out several important
points regarding future policies.
‧ 这句 which 修饰 conference call (电话连线会议), 接出的 lists out
several … 进一步描述 conference call.
‧ 关键词汇: regarding = 关于, about; policies = 政策
例句2:
‧ The press conference will feature the movie premiere which many have
anticipated for weeks.
‧ 这句 which 修饰 premiere (首映会), 接出的 many have anticipated for
weeks 进一步描述 premiere.
‧关键词汇: press conference = 记者会; anticipate = 预期期待;
feature = 特色, 附加…特色
Who
定义
‧ Who 是为了进一步修饰”人”, 代表 ”person”
例句1:
‧ Steve was the key person who successfully reorganized this
corporation with modernized management concepts.
‧ 这里 who 修饰 key person, 后面 successfully reorganized this
corporation …是为了进一步强调这位 key person
‧ 关键词汇: reorganize = 重组; corporation = 企业 财团;
‧ 关键词汇: modernized = 现代化的; concepts = 概念
例句2:
‧ The police is seeking the suspect who committed the bank
robbery on Robson Street last Friday.
‧ 这句的 who 为了修饰 suspect, 接出的 committed the bank
robbery…进一步描述了 suspect
‧ 关键词汇: seek = look for; suspect = 嫌疑犯;
‧ 关键词汇: commit = 犯下… ; robbery = 抢劫
That
定义
‧ 是最广泛的关系代名词它可以当 which 也可以当 who ,
为最通用代名词. But, 不是最贴切的选项, 请看下列句子说明
‧ The suspect that caused the building fire wasarrested this
afternoon. (这里修饰 suspect, 不过 who 更好)
‧ We discovered the defected component that caused the
power supply issue.(这里修饰 component, 不过 which 更好)
‧ 关键词汇: arrest = 逮捕; defect= 瑕疵;
‧ 关键词汇: component = 零组件; issue = 状况
只有同时需要修饰人和事物时, that 发挥最大作用
例句:
‧ The police has discovered the driver and the vehicle that
caused the severe traffic accident on Highway #1.
‧ 由于关系代名词只用一次, driver 要用 who 但是 vehicle 要
用 which 修饰, 因此用 that 两者兼顾
‧ 关键词汇: Vehicle = 车辆; highway = 高速公路
That 另外一个真正的用途: 接动词或形容词后面
‧ 句型:
‧ S + V + that + S + V…
‧ S + be + adj + that + S + V…
例句1: S + V + that + S + V…
‧ The CEO has announced that HRDirector Joe is permanently
removed from his position due to his racist attitude.
‧ that 修饰的是动词 announced, 后面 HRDirector Jonathan is …
是为了进一步加强叙述 announced
‧ 关键词汇: appoint = 指派; announce = 公开宣布;
‧ 关键词汇: permanently = 永久; racist = 种族歧视的
例句2 : S + be + adj + that + S + V…
‧ It is ridiculous that the CEO has abolished company outings,
even including domestic trips.
‧ that 修饰形容词 ridiculous, that 后面句子 the client
demands…为了进一步叙述 ridiculous 的情况
‧ 关键词汇: ridiculous = 荒谬的; abolish = 废除;
‧ 关键词汇: outing = 外出, 出游; domestic = 国内的
What
定义
‧ 作为关系代名词其功能引导名词子句做为一个”统合性名词”
通常接在动词后面
‧ 句型
‧ V + “what + S + V …”
‧ “what + S + V…” 作为统合性名词
例句1
‧ The contract defines what both parties should follow.
‧ what 接在动词 defines 后面, what both parties should follow
形成名词子句做为一个统合性名词
表示“双方要遵守的”但是没列出项目只是统合
例句2
‧ We have done what we are supposed to do.
‧ what 接在动词 have done 后面,what we are supposed to do
形成名词子句做为一个统合性名词表示“我们所该做的”.
Where
定义
‧ where 作为关系代名词修饰的是”地方”
例句1:
‧ That is the mansionwhere the murder took place.
‧ where 修饰 mansion, 后面 the murder took place
进一步叙述了mansion
‧ mansion = 豪宅; murder = 谋杀
例句2:
‧ Vicky suggested amust-go department store in Bangkok where
designer quality clothes and shoes are at good prices.
‧ where 修饰 department store in Bangkok, 后面 designer quality
clothes…进一步叙述 department store
Whom
定义
‧ 是关系代名词 who 的受格个人认为把他当作 who 为了
呈现受格的 feeling
‧ 句型
‧ ….whom + S + V…
‧ 后面一定要有主词因为是受格
例句:
‧ To whom itmay concern
‧ I am not sure about whom this mail is referring to.
‧ The Engineering team has added 4 more engineers, 2 of
whom used to work for AbeReader.
‧ 注意: 上述句子是否发现 whom 搭配介系词做为受词?
Who v.s. Whom
‧ who 当作主词用; whom 当作受词用很像 she v.s. her,
he v.s him, I v.s.me…
例句:
‧ Who did you visit the Japanese clientwith? (当主词)
‧ Withwhom did you visit the Japanese client? (当受词)
‧ 基本上都是修饰”人“大多数口说与简单写作用 who 即可,
whom 算是古式, 不过正式文书有时用到
Whose
定义
‧ 关系代名词 who 的所有格, 想成“who 的”. 既然是所有格后面接名词
‧ 句型:
‧ “N (名词: 人) + whose + N (名词:人事物) + V + …
例句
‧ Mr. Keefer has recommended us a professional lawyer whose
experiences as a defendant attorney have been widely known in
the legal field.
‧ Whose = laywer’s, 后面have been widely known…修饰whose
experiences…做为补充
‧ 关键词汇: defendant = 被告; attorney = 辩护律师;
How
定义
‧ How 作为关系代名词表示“如何”or “程度”, 如同 how 本身作为问句
后面可以接的词性很多元
‧ 句型:
‧ …how + S + V +…
‧ ... how + adj / adv + S + V
例句1:
‧ I stillwonder how she got promoted asmarketing supervisor.
‧“how she got promoted asmarketing supervisor”做为子句此句
how 当作“如何”整句解释“他如何被升为行销主管”
例句2:
‧ The score will largelydepend on how well you present in the
oral test.
‧ how + well (adv of “good”) 表示”程度”, 子句“how well you present
in the oral test”做为“depend on”的补充说明
‧ 关键词汇: depend on = 取决于
完整文章内容:http://goo.gl/LBG56u