课程名称︰英语语音学(含发音练习)一
课程性质︰外文系选修
课程教师︰史嘉琳
开课学院：文学院
开课系所︰外国语文学系
考试日期（年月日）︰2016.01.13
考试时限（分钟）：约 2 小时
试题 :
[文字格式：粗体，斜体]
　　　　 ﹉﹉
Introduction to Phonetics Final Exam Fall 2015 January 13, 2016
I. Give complete but concise answers to the following questions. Write your
answers on the separate answer sheet.
1. Explain why there is a reduced vowel (i.e. schwa) in the final syllabic of
postman, bacon, and gentleman, but NOT in mailman, moron and superman
﹉﹉﹉﹉ ﹉﹉﹉ ﹉﹉﹉﹉﹉ ﹉﹉﹉﹉ ﹉﹉﹉ ﹉﹉﹉﹉
(Ladefoged/Johnson p. 116). (6%)
2. Explain downdrift (or downstepping or declination; we view them as near-
﹉﹉﹉﹉﹉ ﹉﹉﹉﹉﹉﹉ ﹉﹉﹉﹉﹉﹉
synonyms here). (4%)
3. What is the connection between the continuation rise and tonic stress?
﹉﹉﹉﹉﹉﹉﹉﹉﹉ ﹉﹉﹉﹉﹉﹉
Describe the shape of the continuation rise in relation to tonic stress.(6%)
4. Explain Ladefoged's view on degrees of lexical stress in English, mentioning
the two factors Ladefoged says contribute to the perceived prominence of a
vowel or syllable that are not due to lexical stress. (10%)
﹉﹉
5. Describe two strategies employed in spoken English to avoid having two
stressed syllables too close together. (8%)
6. Describe "stress timing" (as said to be found in English) as opposed to
"syllable timing" (as in French)? (8%)
7. Many Taiwanese have difficulty distinguishing and/or correctly producing the
English vowels /ɛ/, /æ/, and /eɪ/. Analyze what you think the problem is,
based on both your current knowledge of phonetics and of your understanding
of the issue as a Mandarin speaker who has come through the Taiwanese
education system. (10%) [注：三个phoneme分别是短e、短a和双元音长a]
8. Longer essay question: What are the connections between information value
﹉﹉﹉﹉﹉﹉﹉﹉﹉
and pronunciation, stress and intonation in English? List and discuss at
least three examples. (15%)
[注：比起第8.题，也有同学认为第7.题更像essay question XD]
II. IPA symbols: Fill in the consonant and vowel charts below, placing each IPA
symbol in its correct spot. For the consonants, remember to take into
account whether it is voiced or voiceless.
Consonants: [同 102-1 考古题；包含英语和国语的子音音标共24个] (12%)
Vowels: [同 102-1 考古题，共12个] (6%)
III. Waveform segmentation and reading. Look carefully at the waveform below of
a recording of an English syllable with the three segments [æ], [m], and
[ʃ] (they are not necessarily in the correct order).
1. Task one: Segment the wavefrom, that is, draw vertical lines marking the
beginning and the end of each of the three segments. (6%)
2. Task two: Using the three segments given above, write the symbol for the
correct sound under the correct part of the waveform. (9%)
[图，同 102-1 考古题]
IV. Compound and phrase stress. Circle the stressed syllable(s) in each item,
and add an asterisk before the syllable with tonic stress. Examples: [略]
(100%)
1. table tennis ball 6. imaginative play
2. cardboard boxes 7. pleasure reading
3. fast-food model 8. cleansing gel
4. local electronics recycling programs 9. lip service
5. brain plasticity 10. a changing planet
V. Dictation: Write down the words you hear, first in English orthography,
then in IPA symbols. (100%)
[共10题]
VI. Pronunciation discrimination: For each of the following items you will hear
one word of the set pronounced. Circle the one you hear. (100%)
[共30题；听(+看)老师的发音，从数个发音类似的字中选出正解，类似外文系大一
发音测验。]