课程名称︰经济学原理与实习上
课程性质︰暑修
课程教师︰骆明庆
开课学院：社会科学院
开课系所︰经济学系
考试日期（年月日）︰2015/08/07
考试时限（分钟）：130
试题 :
一、选择题 (45%)：不需说明，写出正确答案即可。
1. When an infinite value is placed on human life, policymakers who rely on
cost-benefit analysis
(a) are forced to pursue any project in which a single human life is saved.
(b) are likely to make decisions that optimally allocate society's scarce
resources.
(c) would not pursue any public project that would not save human life.
(d) would be forced to rely on private markets to provide public goods.
2. What causes the Tragedy of the Commons?
(ⅰ) Social and private incentives differ.
(ⅱ) Common resources are not rival in consumption and are not excludable.
(ⅲ) Common resources are not excludable but are rival in consumption.
(a) (ⅰ) only
(b) (ⅱ) only
(c) (ⅰ) and (ⅱ) only
(d) (ⅰ) and (ⅲ) only
3. Mary values a movie at $15 while Tim values it at $10. The price of the
movie is $9. If the government imposes a $2 tax per movie and the price of a
movie rises to $11, what part of the deadweight loss comes from Mary and
what part comes from Tim?
(a) none comes from Mary, $1 comes from Tim
(b) none comes from Mary, $3 comes from Tim
(c) $2 comes from Mary, $1 comes from Tim
(d) $4 comes from Mary, $3 comes from Tim
4. Walter used to work as a high school teacher for $40,000 per year but quit
in order to start his own painting business. To invest in his painting
business, he withdrew $20,000 from his savings, which paid 3 percent
interest, and borrowed $30,000 from his uncle, whom he pays 3 percent
interest per year. Last year Walter paid $25,000 for supplies and had
revenue of $60,000. Walter asked Tyler the accountant and Greg the economist
to calculate his painting business's profit.
(a) Tyler says his profit is $25,900, and Greg says his profit is $66,500.
(b) Tyler says his profit is $35,000, and Greg says he lost $5,900.
(c) Tyler says his profit is $34,100, and Greg says he lost $6,500.
(d) Tyler says his profit is $34,100, and Greg says his profit is $34,100.
5. Consider a firm operating in a competitive market. The firm is producing 40
units of output, has an average total cost of production equal to $5, and is
earning $240 economic profit in the short run. What is the current market
price?
(a) $9
(b) $10
(c) $11
(d) $12
6. When a restaurant stays open for lunch service even though few customers
patronize the restaurant for lunch, which of the following principles is
(are) best demonstrated?
(ⅰ) Fixed costs are sunk in the short run.
(ⅱ) In the short run, only fixed costs are important to the decision to
stay open for lunch.
(ⅲ) If revenue exceeds variable cost, the restaurant owner is making a
smart decision to remain open for lunch.
(a) (ⅰ) and (ⅱ) only
(b) (ⅱ) and (ⅲ) only
(c) (ⅰ) and (ⅲ) only
(d) (ⅰ), (ⅱ), and (ⅲ)
7. How does a competitive market compare to a monopoly that engages in perfect
price discrimination?
(a) In both cases, total social welfare is the same.
(b) Total social welfare is higher in the competitive market than with the
perfectly price discriminating monopoly.
(c) In both cases, some potentially mutually beneficial trades do not occur.
(d) Consumer surplus is the same in both cases.
8. Which of the following statements is true?
(ⅰ) When a competitive firm sells an additional unit of output, its revenue
increases by an amount less than the price.
(ⅱ) When a monopoly firm sells an additional unit of output, its revenue
increases by an amount less than the price.
(ⅲ) Average revenue is the same as price for both competitive and monopoly
firms.
(a) (ⅱ) only
(b) (ⅲ) only
(c) (ⅰ) and (ⅱ) only
(d) (ⅱ) and (ⅲ) only
9. Suppose the point of tangency that characterizes long-run equilibrium for a
monopolistically competitive firm occurs at Q units of output. This level
of output, Q , 1
1
(a) exceeds the level of output at which marginal revenue equals marginal
costs.
(b) exceeds the level of output at which marginal cost equals average total
costs.
(c) falls short of the level of output at which price equals marginal cost.
(d) exceeds the firm's efficient scale of output.
10. Some firms have an incentive to advertise because they sell a
(a) differentiated product and charge a price equal to marginal cost.
(b) differentiated product and charge a price above marginal cost.
(c) homogeneous product and charge a price equal to marginal cost.
(d) homogeneous product and charge a price above marginal cost.
11. Which of these situations produces the largest profits for oligopolists?
(a) The firms reach a Nash equilibrium.
(b) The firms reach the monopoly outcome.
(c) The firms reach the competitive outcome.
(d) The firms produce a quantity of output that lies between the competitive
outcome and the monopoly outcome.
12. Capital is paid according to the value of its marginal product
(a) only if earnings from capital are paid to households in the form of
dividends.
(b) only if earnings from capital are kept within firms as retained
earnings.
(c) regardless of whether earnings from capital are paid to households in
the form of dividends or whether those earnings are kept within firms as
retained earnings.
(d) None of the above is correct; unlike labor, capital is a factor of
production for which earnings are unrelated to the value of marginal
product.
13. As a result of a fire, a small business owner loses some of her computers
and other equipment. If the property of diminishing returns applies to all
factors of production, she should expect to see
(a) an increase in the marginal productivity of her remaining capital and an
increase in the marginal productivity of her labor.
(b) an increase in the marginal productivity of her remaining capital and a
decrease in the marginal productivity of her labor.
(c) a decrease in the marginal productivity of her remaining capital and an
increase in the marginal productivity of her labor.
(d) a decrease in the marginal productivity of her remaining capital and a
decrease in the marginal productivity of her labor.
14. Coal mining is a dangerous and dirty job. Suppose someone developed new
machinery that made coal mining safer and cleaner; at the same time, suppose
it made coal miners more productive. We would expect that the wages of coal
miners would
(a) rise.
(b) fall.
(c) stay exactly the same.
(d) rise, fall, or stay the same.
15. Libertarians believe that
(a) it is more important to evaluate the process by which economic outcomes
are produced than the outcomes themselves.
(b) government should attempt to redistribute income from the rich to the
poor when the gap between rich and poor is more than 20%.
(c) equality of incomes is more important than equality of opportunity.
(d) it is more important to evaluate economic outcomes first and then the
process that produced them.
二、非选择题 (55%)：答题时请适当说明你的想法，答案内容以让批改者了解为原则。
1. (20%) 已知灯塔是公共财，假设某一尚未设置灯塔的港口附近，有波兔村、木叶村及小
镇村三个渔村。三个村子对于建造灯塔的愿付价格如下：波兔村 250 万元、木叶村
150 万元、小镇村 100 万元。
(a) (10%) 在建造灯塔成本少于多少的状况下，才会有渔村愿意独自出资兴建？而在考
量社会整体效率的状况下，灯塔建造成本少于多少时，三个渔村就应该合资兴建？
(b) (10%) 假设三个渔村以平分成本的方式合资兴建灯塔，但同时附带另一项条件：必
须至少有两名村长同意，才能开始兴建。请问在此种状况下，建造灯塔成本少于多
少时，三个渔村才会合资兴建？
＿
2. (20%) 某小岛上有天龙国和猕猴国两个生产香蕉的国家，其生产函数都是 Q = 2√LK，
＿＿ ＿＿
边际劳动产量 MP = √K/L，边际资本产量 MP = √L/K。假设两国的劳动供给 (L)
L K
毫无弹性，在任何工资下，天龙国都有 900 名劳工，猕猴国则有 625 名劳工，而每单
位香蕉的价格为 1 元。两国的生产均为完全竞争市场，天龙国的资本量 (K) 为 400，
猕猴国资本量为 100。
(a) (5%) 在劳工和资本无法相互流通的状态下，天龙国跟猕猴国的工资各是多少？
(b) (10%) 若两国间准许劳工自由流动，但资本不能自由流动。假设劳工流动不需成本
，则劳工流动的方向是由哪国到哪国？移动后两国的劳工数量和工资 (以分数表示
即可) 各为多少？
(c) (5%) 承上题，在这一状况下，天龙国的劳工会赞成或反对劳动市场的自由开放？
3. (15%) 下表为参赛者一与参赛者二的报偿矩阵，请回答下列问题。
──────────────
参赛者二
─────────
参赛者一 左 右
─────────
上 (9, 9) (α, 5)
下 (5, β) (γ, δ)
──────────────
(a) (4%) 若已知参赛者一选“上”，参赛者二选“左”为优势策略均衡。则 α、β、
γ、δ 相对的大小关系需符合什么条件？
(b) (4%) 承上题，若已知此优势策略均衡并非有效率的均衡。最有效率的是参赛者一
选“下”，而参赛者二选“右”。请问我们可额外加上什么条件？
(c) (4%) 若已知 α = 7、β = 7、γ = 9、δ = 9，请找出 Nash 均衡。
(d) (3%) 承上题，结论“此赛局必定有混合策略均衡”，请问此结论是否正确？为什
么？