Inside the Los Angeles Lakers' Historically Bad Defense
http://ppt.cc/P9Rw
The Los Angeles Lakers are having a rough season by every metric.
湖人正经历一个艰困的赛季
Offensively, their lack of quality ball-movers bogs down the offense and
cycles in a constant flow of isolation basketball. Kobe Bryant, great passer
that he is, is ultimately still a ball-stopper. Nick Young is the same, minus
the passing. Jeremy Lin is more a creator for himself out of the
pick-and-roll than for teammates.
显然的，欠缺优秀的ball-movers，在频繁的单打战术下，使湖人的进攻及节奏陷入阻塞
KOBE，作为传球者确实出色，但最终仍然是个ball-stopper。Young也一样，传球能力
还更差。Lin，大多数把pick-and-roll机会做成了给自己多于他的队友。
But it's on the defensive end that the Lakers are struggling even more, and
it's arguably a greater reason why they've sputtered to an 8-17 record.
但是在防守端，这可以说是湖人挣扎的一个更大的原因，这也反映到他们为何现在是8-17
Pick-and-roll coverage has been the root cause of their problems. Synergy
Sports (subscription required) has them giving up the fourth-most points per
possession to pick-and-roll ball-handlers, the most to big men rolling down
the lane, and the most to shooters on the perimeter on pick-and-roll kickouts
挡拆战术的防守是他们问题的根源。Synergy Sports指出:
1.让对手挡拆战术发起者每次进攻的平均得分，联盟第四
2.让大个子切入禁区，联盟第一
3.让挡拆战术执行者切入后传球给外围射手，联盟第一
The nature of the pick-and-roll is that it puts the defense at a momentary
disadvantage. No matter the coverage, one defensive player is covering two
players for at least a split second. Some teams simply switch all screens to
avoid this lapse, but that creates unfavorable mismatches.
挡拆战术的本质是让防守方陷入短暂的劣势，不管如何防守，都会出现极短暂的一守二的
情况，有些队伍面对这情况是简单的直接交换防守，但这会无可避免出现 mismatches
Some teams constantly guide the ball toward the sideline and do not let the
ball-handler get to the middle of the floor. Some teams trap the ball-handler
with two players, or at least provide extra pressure for a second or two to
muddle up passing lanes.
有些球队不断将球引向边线，不要让持球者球进入地板中间。有些球队则用两个球员对持
球者做陷阱防守，或者至少提供一两秒钟额外的压力，藉以混乱传球路线。
The Lakers fight through the screens and rely on weak-side defenders loading
toward the ball to force difficult, cross-court passes. This is the strategy
adopted by many of the league's top defensive teams—the Chicago Bulls and
Indiana Pacers, for example—because it pushes ball-handlers into the
mid-range while protecting both the rim and three-point line.
而湖人则是在掩护时进行对抗，并依赖弱边防守者对持球者进行干扰，以破坏持球者进行
横传球。这个策略被联盟许多个防守顶尖的球队采用，如公牛和溜马。因为他迫使持球者
停在中距离，以借此保护篮框及三分线。
As with any defensive blueprint, it requires multiple moving parts to work in
tandem. For the Lakers, their biggest failings have come in two areas: the
way their bigs contain the ball once the driver comes off the screen, and the
weak-side defenders' ability to deal with rollers.
任何防守策略都需要各个位置一同协力，对湖人而言，他们最大的弱点在两方面:大个子
在面对对手掩护后切入的防守，以及弱边防守者对掩护者挡拆后防守的能力
Here's a prime example of the former, with Carlos Boozer not taking a proper
angle once the San Antonio Spurs' pick-and-roll with Cory Joseph and Boris
Diaw occurs.
以下是最主要的例子，Joseph和屌爷这对挡拆组合下，Boo没有在适当的位置防守 ，
http://youtu.be/0jVu_30ceR4
At the moment of the screen, Boozer is already in trouble. Instead of sliding
over toward the middle of the free-throw line in anticipation of Joseph using
the pick, he's still in line with Diaw.
在掩护一开始时Boo就已经有麻烦了，他应该要往罚球线位置移动以防范 Joseph切入
(pick)，但是他还在看守屌爷
It's the responsibility of all bigs in the pick-and-roll to be early. Because
they're usually slower than the guard dribbling the basketball, they must
anticipate direction and adjust accordingly.
对挡拆要及早对应，这是所有大个子的责任，因为他们速度通常较运球的后卫慢，为此他
们必须预测后卫的方向并以此对应调整
Boozer, however, is giving up a straight-line path to the rim and now must
frantically slide his feet to catch up with Joseph
而Boo，给了条直通篮框的路线，使得他必须疯狂的移动他的脚来追Joseph
Boozer, however, isn't the only problem. Young, who's guarding a player well
above the opposite wing, should already be on the nail—the center of the
free throw-line—to deter penetration. Even if he's not there, he should at
least stunt toward the nail as the drive occurs.
Boo不是唯一的问题所在，还有Young，他防守的球员还在半场的另一边，他应该早就要移
动到Nail的位置(即罚球线到半圆线的位置)以防止切入，就算他不在那，当切入进来时他
起码也要往Nail位置进行干扰。
Even if he can't leave a shooter wide open by fully rotating, a quick stunt
could hold up Joseph just enough to allow Boozer to recover.
虽然他不能放一个射手有大空档的机会，短暂的干扰仍有机会阻挡Joseph，并让Boo回神
过来补防
Lin, who's guarding Joseph, should not escape blame either. He gets lit up by
a pretty weak screen and does not fight hard enough to get back into a
guarding position on Joseph
Lin也要负些责任，屌爷这次的掩护并不算好，Lin并没有强悍地回来防守Joseph
Ultimately, this is still primarily Boozer's fault. Maybe he's concerned with
Diaw popping (and that's why he sticks to Diaw for a second too long), but
containing the basketball is always the first responsibility. If
ball-handlers want to throw out to shooters, the defense must scramble
accordingly.
归根究柢，这个PLAY主要是Boo的问题，也许他在注意屌爷的出手(那也是为何他在屌爷身
上花太多时间)，但对球的控制永远是第一优先，如果持球者想传球给射手时，就必须在
防守上更加扰乱他
Here's another example from the same game. Bryant tries to force Manu
Ginobili to reject the screen, but he manages to squirt around it anyway.
Boozer, once again, is late in his positioning.
同场比赛另外一个例子，Kobe试着让鬼秃的掩护失效，但最后还是被挡开，Boo又一次慢
了一拍
http://youtu.be/Sg8f1EIGquE
To account for Ginobili's foot speed, Boozer has to retreat toward the paint
before actually confronting the ball. If he scrambles high instead of low, it
will be too late.
考虑到鬼秃的脚程，Boo应该在面对球之前就往油漆区后退，如果他能在高位干扰多点，
应该就不会太迟
But even so, Ginobil's momentum toward the rim and Boozer's late reaction
means he can barely contest without risking a foul. The result is a
relatively unbothered floater.
但即使如此，鬼秃的加速度加上Boo的慢半拍，使得他在没有犯规下只能勉强对抗，结果
来说还是一样
The back side of pick-and-roll defense is more about effort than anything
else. Boozer's errors, while frustrating, are more mental. With film review
and work on the floor, these types of mistakes can be cleaned up relatively
quickly.
挡拆防守的背后努力比什么都重要，Boo犯的错比起失望更应该正面看待，借由比赛影片
的回顾并在场地练习后，这些错误相对来说可以比较快克服
In the Lakers' pick-and-roll defense, it is the job of the corner defender to
"tag" the roller, which is to say he must briefly bump the big man diving to
the rim before scampering back out toward a shooter.
在湖人面对挡拆的防守中，在角落防守者的责任是把跟进的人tag住，也就是说有一瞬间
他必须短暂离开他守的射手，并守住大个子进入禁区
With the on-ball defender and the big guarding the pick-and-roll both
concerned with the ball-handler, this "tagger" is tasked with momentarily
halting the momentum of the big so he cannot run free to the rim.
由于防守持球的人和大个子会同时把焦点放在控球者上，这个tagger的工作就是短暂的干
扰大个子使他不能那么轻易地进入篮下
This also buys the defenders involved in the pick-and-roll a bit of time to
get realigned. The on-ball defender can use that extra half-second to get
back in front of the ball, and the defensive big can then shift back to
guarding the roller
藉著此一动作，防守挡拆的人可以有一些些时间重新调整，防守控球的可以利用这约半秒
时间移动自己的位置再站回持球者前方，而大个子则可以再回去防守跟进的球员。
The tag, in short, is crucial.
总和来说，tag这个动作是相当重要的
As a rule of thumb, if the ball is going away from you and you are not
directly involved in the pick-and-roll, you are the tagger
根据经验法则，如果球是远离你的方向，且你没有直接参与挡拆的防守，你就是那个必须
执行tag的人
On this play against the Boston Celtics, Young is the tagger.
这个play中，young就是那个tagger
http://youtu.be/tCuB8okKs3o
As Rajon Rondo comes off the Tyler Zeller screen, Lin goes under the screen
(a common tactic used against poor shooters) and does a nice job along with
Jordan Hill in clogging the paint.
当Rondo借由Zeller的掩护进来时，Lin则从掩护者下方进入(常用来对付持球者命中率不
高)并且与Hill在靠近油漆区时防守的相当不错
Rondo, in theory, should have nothing to do with the ball other than to throw
up a difficult layup or floater. Instead, he drops it off to Zeller for an
easy finish.
Rondo理论上应该什么都没法做，不然就是自己来一个高难度上篮，但相反的，他传给
Zeller完成一次轻松上篮
So what went wrong? Take a look at Young on the tag.
所以哪边出错了?再看一次Young的tag
To start with, he only feebly sticks his hand out at Zeller. Even though his
man, Evan Turner, is lifting out of the corner to make himself available for
a possible kick-out pass, that's hardly a viable option. Even if Young does
get sucked in too far to deal with Zeller, there should be enough of a window
on flight time of the pass for him to recover
首先，他只是无力地在Zeller伸出他的手，就算他负责的Turner已经在外围准备挡拆后的
出手，但他出手的可行性相当低，就算他离Zeller太远，他还是有非常长的时间够他去补
防
Young also needs to bump him higher up the floor. A tag five feet away from
the rim is virtually useless—Zeller can still catch and finish over Young
with his size advantage. A tag at the elbow, however, means he's late on the
roll and given the ball farther from the rim.
Young也需要更出来点做tag，离篮框5英尺的tag几乎是没用的，Zeller可以用他对young
的身高优势接球并得分，然而这也表示他对跟进的人对应迟了，并且比跟进的人离球更远
Defenses can live with Zeller making a play at 10 feet
防守可以让Zeller只能在10英尺处做finish
It's nearly impossible to be perfect on the pick-and-roll every time on
defense. NBA players are so talented that even the minuscule advantage
provided by a screen is enough to create havoc.
事实上面对挡拆不可能每一次的防守都是完美的，NBA的球员天赋异禀到即使靠着微不足
道的掩护就可以造成严重的破坏
The best teams understand this dilemma and shade their defense to give up
certain shots while eliminating others. Some teams are fine with the
ball-handler pulling up uncontested from 18 feet. Others are fine with
rollers catching it in the eight-foot range and having to finish in tough
situations
好的球队知道这个两难局面，他们对一些出手减轻他们的防守力道，而加强对其他人的防
守，有些则是将持球者锁在18英尺的安全距离，也有些则把跟进的大个守在8英尺附近使
得他们只能做困难的出手
The Lakers don't seem to be dictating anything in their pick-and-roll
defense; they're reactionary. This is certainly not what head coach Byron
Scott is teaching.
湖人的挡拆防守看不出主轴是什么，他们是被动的，这肯定不是BS要教他们的
If there's anything positive to be taken from Los Angeles' horrific defensive
start, it's that their issues don't stem from an inability to play defense.
Lin and Bryant are more than capable in pick-and-roll. Boozer comes from a
scheme in Chicago that is similar to what he's executing in Los Angeles.
如果硬要从他们之间找出一些正向观点，那就是他们不是没有能力防守。LIN和KOBE在挡
拆上都很有天分，Boo则来自公牛，在那边面对的挡拆也类似湖人
But for whatever reason, the Lakers aren't clicking on defense. And until
they do, they'll continue to struggle in the win column.
但不管是什么原因，湖人都没有做好防守，直到他们做好之前，他们都将继续在胜利间挣
扎
PS.因为这篇有提到Nail，原本想贴在总版让那些人知道为什么Lin常常协防
但想想还是算了，发在自己队版就好，然后本季防守应该没救了，该说是冷笑话
留下来的坏习惯吗? 嗯，Dylan Murphy的文都不错，大家就看看吧