The iron fist of capitalism
资本主义铁拳：法西斯与战争
原文：Socialist Voice
https://socialistvoice.ie/2020/02/the-iron-fist-of-capitalism/
译文：http://www.cwzg.cn/theory/202002/55469.html
Eoghan O’Neill
按：《社会主义之声》(Socialist Voice) 是爱尔兰共产党（CPI）的官方报刊，每月在
线发表，除了发布历史作品、电影和书籍评论以及国际新闻讨论之外，它还针对部分政治
事件进行马克思主义分析。本篇是由欧汉·奥尼尔（ Eoghan O’Neill ）撰稿，于2020
年2月2日发表于《社会主义之声》的评论文章。
The rise of the right wing, of fascist ideology, is inextricably linked with
the crises of capitalism, which are periodic and inevitable because of the
internal contradictions within the capitalist system, which can never be
overcome, because capitalism is an antagonistic class-based system in which
differing class interests cannot be reconciled.
资本主义危机与法西斯意识形态右翼势力的强势崛起密不可分。资本主义制度内在矛盾的
不可克服、资本主义危机爆发的周期性和必然性，都决定了这是不可避免的。因为资本主
义是一种对立的阶级制度，不同阶级利益之间不可调和。
Fascism is the iron fist of capitalism, to ensure and secure private
property, the private profits and rents of the capitalist class. It is
capitalism in its most violent and ruthless form.
法西斯主义是资本主义的铁腕，是为了确保和保障私有财产、私人利益和资产阶级的租金
收入，它是资本主义最暴力、最残酷的形式。
As the capitalist system bounces from one crisis to the next, and as the
crisis deepens and widens, the working class, no longer content with the
misery of poverty, hunger, debt, austerity, cuts to public services, the sale
and privatisation of public lands, utilities, and services, begins trying to
advance its position and interests in society. When the working class begins
to organise itself as a real threat to the existing system and the privileges
of the capitalists and their private property, it is under these conditions
that we find fascism rising up, financed by the ruling class to act as the
henchmen, doing their dirty work on the ground.
随着资本主义制度从一场危机陷入另一场危机，加之危机不断深化和扩大，工人阶级不再
甘愿囿于贫穷、饥饿、债务、经济紧缩、公共服务大幅削减、公共土地被出售和私有化、
公共事业和服务业缩减的痛苦，开始努力提升自己在社会中的地位和利益。当工人阶级自
发地组织起来，对现存制度、资本家及其保护私有财产的一系列特权构成真正的威胁时，
正是在这种情况下，我们不难发现法西斯主义在统治阶级的扶持下抬头，充当狗腿子，光
天化日之下干着肮脏的勾当。
The purpose of right-wing and fascist organisations is to prevent the working
class gaining significant power. As the working class deepens its
class-consciousness, broadens its struggle, organises itself industrially and
militantly, and demands more from a government than what a government can
provide, thus becoming more revolutionary, fascist movements, propped up by
the ruling class, try to step in and assimilate themselves as a voice of the
workers. This is a ruse, a way to disarm the workers in order to smash the
workers’ organisations that are threatening to disrupt the profits of the
ruling class.
右翼和法西斯组织的目的是防止工人阶级获得重大权力。随着工人阶级的阶级意识不断加
深，斗争范围逐渐扩大，工业和军事方面的组织化逐渐加强，对政府的要求超过了政府所
能提供的。因此，法西斯运动在统治阶级的支持下越来越走向革命化，试图介入工人阶级
并同化自己，成为工人的声音。这是一个诡计，一种解除工人武装的方法，目的是粉碎那
些威胁到统治阶级利益的工人组织。
As the class struggle deepens, they use the crisis of capitalism as an excuse
for state repression, censorship, imprisonment and even execution of the most
advanced sections of the workers’ movement, while at the same time they
target the most vulnerable and marginalised in society, using them as
scapegoats for the economic crisis.
随着阶级斗争的深入，他们把资本主义危机作为国家镇压、审查、监禁，甚至判决工人运
动最先进阶层的借口，同时又把社会上最弱势、最边缘化的群体作为经济危机的替罪羊。
Fundamentally, fascism is for conserving the laws, customs and treaties that
protect the ruling class and their right to private property: their right to
own the means of production and their ability to exploit and extract profit
from the labouring masses.
从根本上讲，法西斯主义是为了保护统治阶级及其私有财产权的法律、习俗和条约：他们
拥有生产资料占有的权利以及从劳动群众中剥削和攫取利润的能力。
Fascists and leading figures of the right prostitute the word “patriotism”
to gain support from a public who are already angry and disfranchised by the
established political parties and the state of affairs in society. Their “
patriotism,” however, is nothing more than narrow nationalism and racism,
dedicated to the national interests of the ruling class, ensuring the
suppression of the workers’ movement.
法西斯分子和右翼领袖们滥用“爱国主义”一词是为了获得公众的支持，而公众已经被老
牌政党和社会现状所激怒，充斥着厌弃感。然而，他们的“爱国主义”不过是狭隘的民族
主义和种族主义，致力于维护统治阶级的国家利益，确保镇压工人运动。
Fascism is organised counter-revolution. Its analysis of crisis is
superficial; and though they may pay lip service to popular demands and
issues facing working people, in the final analysis they do not propose to
change the relations of class power. Just like social democrats, centrists,
and revisionists, their purpose is unveiled in times of crisis. They drop the
veil of democracy used by other forces and implement their iron rule of power
in the interests of the ruling class, guaranteeing the protection of private
property for the owners of capital against a class-conscious workers’
movement.
法西斯主义是有组织的反革命，它对危机的分析是肤浅的。虽然他们口头上答应了工人阶
级提出的要求，并承诺解决他们所面临的问题，但归根结底，他们并不打算改变阶级权力
关系。就像社会民主党人、中间派和修正主义者一样，他们的终极目标也是在危机时期才
暴露出来的。他们揭开其他势力的民主面纱，为了维护统治阶级的利益而实行他们的铁腕
统治，保障资本所有者的私有财产免受阶级意识崛起的工人运动的侵害。
We witness this today in Latin America, where progressive governments are
causing a crisis for capitalism and the imperialist empire of the United
States when they nationalise and put into public ownership their resources.
As the Bolivarian revolution has spread, so too has the growth in the extreme
right and fascist forces, instigating coups and sabotage against progressive
governments, supported and financed by the indigenous capitalist ruling class
and the imperialist blocs. Their private media mouthpieces then spread their
propaganda to the outside world. The thin veil of democracy slips away once
they are able to establish some power in the country.
如今我们在拉丁美洲看到了这一点，开明的政府将资源国有化并转为公有，正给资本主义
和美帝国主义带来危机。随着玻利瓦尔革命的蔓延，极右势力和法西斯势力也在壮大，他
们煽动政变，攻击政府，获得本土资本主义统治阶级和帝国主义集团的支持和资助，他们
的私人媒体将其宣传传播到外界。一旦他们能够在这个国家建立起某种权力，民主的薄纱
就会彻底被撕毁。
This is the common practice of imperialist hegemony, witnessed around the
globe for more than a century.
这是一个多世纪以来帝国主义霸权在世界各地的普遍做法。
Integral to the right-wing ideology is the centrality of war: a philosophy of
war, of war preparation, with the building up of the military-industrial
complex for imperialist war practice. Going hand in glove with this war
philosophy is a racist ideology, the idea of a superior race, a smokescreen
used as a way to legitimise and desensitise one society from bombing and
mass-murdering civilians of another society.
右翼意识形态的核心是战争：一种战争哲学，一种为战争而准备的哲学，一种为帝国主义
战争实践而建立军工复合体的哲学。与这种战争哲学密切配合的是一种种族主义意识形态
，是一种种族优越的思想。它还是一个烟幕弹，被用来让一个社会合法化，从而使该社会
对另一个社会的轰炸和大规模屠杀麻木不仁。
Again we must emphasise that fascism is capitalism in its most desperate
form. Capitalism, fascism and war are inseparable; and there are very few
things as profitable as war. Capitalism, with its internal contradictions,
will remain in constant crisis, therefore fascism will always threaten to
rise in its interests; and therefore war is an inevitable part of the
capitalist system.
我们必须再次强调，法西斯主义是资本主义最绝望的形式。资本主义、法西斯主义和战争
是分不开的。很少有比战争更有利可图的事情了。资本主义由于其内部矛盾，将始终处于
危机之中，因此法西斯主义总是会威胁到它的利益，因此战争是资本主义制度不可避免的
一部分。
Without a Marxist class analysis of the causes of the capitalist crisis and
without offering an alternative, we leave the space open for right-wing and
fascist voices, with their lies, deceit, and hate. Without our exposing and
opposing them they become in the eyes of the public just another dissenting
voice, critical of the political establishment, which will garner them
support.
没有马克思主义阶级观对资本主义危机原因的分析，也没有提供其他替代性方案，我们就
为右翼势力和法西斯主义留下了为其谎言、欺骗和仇恨发声的空间。没有我们的揭露和反
对，他们在公众眼中只是另一个不同的声音，通过批评政治体制来获取支持。
Our duty as anti-fascists, anti-imperialists, is to expose their hate, their
lies, their deceit, wherever possible to block any potential growth of their
movement here in Ireland and, where possible, elsewhere around the globe.
作为反法西斯、反帝国主义者，我们的职责是揭露他们的仇恨、谎言和欺骗，尽可能地阻
止他们在爱尔兰，在一切可能的情况下，于世界其他地方谋求任何潜在的发展。