The lessons of Chernobyl: It’s the West that now needs Glasnost
车诺比的教训：现在是西方需要开放透明了
原文 (RT.com)：https://tinyurl.com/yys4hjkx
中译 (观察者)：https://www.guancha.cn/NeilClark/2019_06_21_506473.shtml
Neil Clark
英国记者、专栏作家
The much-acclaimed series ‘Chernobyl’ tells the story of the 1986 nuclear
disaster and the authorities’ attempts to play it down. Ironically, 33 years
on, it’s Western leaders who need to learn how to be honest and transparent.
被给予高度评价的美剧《车诺比》讲述了一个故事，即1986年发生核灾难事故后，当局是
如何试图大事化小、小事化了的。讽刺的是，33年之后的今天，轮到西方国家领导人学习
如何做到讲真话、不欺瞒了。
It was the accident which some think led directly to the fall of communism. “
Reformers in the Soviet Union, and Mikhail Gorbachev himself, used Chernobyl
as an argument for more accountability and greater frankness, because the
initial reaction of the Soviet authorities was anything but transparent. It
became a symbol of what was wrong with the Soviet system,” says Professor
Archie Brown, author of ‘The Rise and Fall of Communism’, as cited in
yesterday’s Sunday Express newspaper.
有些人认为，正是这次核事故直接导致了苏共垮台。英国《星期日快报》不久前援引了《
共产主义的兴衰》一书作者阿奇·布朗教授的一番话：“包括戈巴契夫本人在内的苏联改
革派，都以车诺比事故为例，要求政府强化责任制、更加开诚布公，因为苏联当局最初的
反应一点也不公开透明。车诺比事件成为了苏联体制问题的象征。”
Just three-and-a-half years after Chernobyl, the Berlin Wall came down, and
in 1991, the USSR itself ceased to exist.
车诺比事故发生后仅仅三年半，柏林墙就倒塌了，而到1991年，苏联也不复存在了。
Western ideologues were quick to gloat, saying that a system which kept
telling people lies and trying to cover things up was always doomed to fail,
but in terms of openness and telling the truth, are we really much better
than the Soviet Union of the 1980s?
很快，西方的意识形态理论家们便幸灾乐祸地说，一个不断向人民撒谎、试图掩盖事实的
体制，注定是要失败的。不过，在开放性和讲真话方面，我们西方真的比上世纪80年代的
苏联好很多吗?
Consider the way a succession of illegal wars has been sold to the public. We
were told in 2003 that Iraq had ‘weapons of mass destruction’ which could
be assembled and launched within 45 minutes. It was false, patently so, yet
the Chilcot Report was only published 13 years later, and even now, no one
has been prosecuted in relation to a war which led to the deaths of one
million and the rise of Islamic State (IS, formerly ISIS).
想想西方是怎么向公众兜售一连串非法战争的吧。2003年时，我们被告知伊拉克拥有可以
在45分钟内完成组装并发射的“大规模杀伤性武器”。尽管这种说法明显是错误的，但直
到13年后《齐尔考特报告》才姗姗来迟，而且时至今日也没有人因为这场导致100万人死
亡和“伊斯兰国”恐怖组织兴起的战争而遭到起诉。
https://i.guancha.cn/news/internet/2019/06/18/20190618093439648.jpg
配图：《齐尔考特报告》得出的结论是：伊拉克战争“没有必要”
In 2011, we went to war again, against Libya. Once more, our politicians were
less than honest with us. We were told that we had to bomb because Colonel
Gaddafi was going to massacre the inhabitants of Benghazi. Only
five-and-a-half years later were we allowed to know the truth. In September
2016, a House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee report held that “the
proposition that Muammar Gaddafi would have ordered the massacre of civilians
in Benghazi was not supported by the available evidence… the Government
failed to identify that the threat to civilians was overstated and that the
rebels included a significant Islamist element.”
2011年，我们又发动了战争，这次的目标是利比亚。西方政客们再一次欺瞒了我们。他们
告诉我们，由于格达费上校要屠杀班加西的居民，所以必须轰炸利比亚。直到五年半之后
，真相才得以公之于众。2016年9月，英国下议院外交事务委员会的一份报告认为，“现
有证据不支持关于穆阿迈尔·格达费将下令屠杀班加西平民的主张……英国政府当时未能
察觉这种对平民的威胁被过于夸大，也未对反政府武装中的极端伊斯兰主义元素给予重视
。”
https://i.guancha.cn/news/internet/2019/06/18/20190618093728984.jpg
配图：2011年10月18日，时任美国国务卿的希拉蕊·克林顿对利比亚首都的黎波里进行为
期一天的访问。两天后格达费被枪杀。
Again, we were tricked into war. By ‘nice’ Western politicians, mark you,
and not ‘lying’ Soviet ones. Once more, there’s been no accountability.
Libya, a country which had the highest Human Development Index in the whole
of Africa, was destroyed. It was a far worse disaster than Chernobyl, as
indeed Iraq was. When will the HBO dramas on these catastrophes be screening?
就这样，我们再次被蒙在鼓里卷入了战争。需要强调的是，欺骗我们的是“亲善的”西方
政客，而不是“撒谎成性”苏联政客。这一次，还是没有任何人被问责。利比亚曾经是整
个非洲人类发展指数最高的国家，它就这样被摧毁了。利比亚的灾难和伊拉克战争一样，
都比车诺比严重得多，不知HBO准备什么时候把它们搬上萤幕呢？
It’s not just the illegal wars. There have been cover-ups of plenty of other
things, too. Three years after Chernobyl, there was the Hillsborough disaster
in which 96 Liverpool football fans were crushed to death. It was the worst
disaster in British sporting history. To add insult to tragedy, the fans
themselves were blamed. Rupert Murdoch’s Sun claimed on its front page that
fans had urinated on policemen and picked the pockets of victims. It took
nearly 30 years to get the record formally put right and achieve ‘Justice
for the 96’ when a jury held that the fans were ‘unlawfully killed’. The
Orgreave Truth and Justice Campaign, which wants a public inquiry into the
way striking miners in South Yorkshire were ‘brutalised’ by police in the
so-called ‘Battle of Orgreave’ in 1984, are still waiting. In 2016, Home
Secretary Amber Rudd said there would be no inquiry.
西方隐瞒的不仅是非法战争的真相，还有许多其他事情。在车诺比事故发生三年后，英国
发生了希尔斯堡惨案，96名利物浦球迷被踩踏致死。这是英国体育史上最严重的灾难。雪
上加霜的是，事故责任被全部推卸到球迷身上。默多克旗下的《太阳报》在头版声称，球
迷们对着警员小便，并扒窃遇难者的财物。直到近30年后陪审团认定这些球迷是被“非法
杀害”的，案卷里的错误才正式得到纠正，为96名死者伸张了正义。然而对于那些参与
1984年南约克郡罢工——即所谓“欧格里夫战役”——并受到警察“残暴对待”的矿工来
说，呼吁政府展开公开调查的“欧格里夫真相与正义运动”仍未等来答复。2016年，时任
英国内政部长的安伯·拉德表示将不会对此进行调查。
https://i.guancha.cn/news/internet/2019/06/18/20190618095409817.jpg
配图：历史学家形容欧格里夫冲突“仿佛中世纪战役，包括了攻坚、战斗、驱逐、追逃等
环节，是国家合法暴力的残酷例证”
Where’s the openness and transparency here?
这哪里有什么公开和透明？
Likewise with the cover-ups over suspected Establishment pedophiles and other
high-up wrong-doers. We learnt only this year that Prime Minister Margaret
Thatcher had, back in the 80s, personally protected a senior Conservative MP
who allegedly had a “penchant for small boys.”
同样的手段，也被用来掩盖当权的那些有恋童癖嫌疑和其他不法行为的高官。直到今年，
我们才了解到，上世纪80年代英国首相柴契尔曾经亲自保护过一名据说“尤嗜童男”的保
守党资深议员。
We don’t know whether a leading Soviet politician who was a child-abuser
would have been prosecuted. Probably not. But we do know that in Britain in
the 1980s, such cover-ups definitely occurred. And who really believes that’
s still not the case today?
我们不知道苏联高官如果虐童是否会遭到起诉，也许不会；但我们知道，上世纪80年代的
英国的确发生过这种掩盖丑闻的行为。谁又真的相信今天的英国不存在这样的情况呢?
Bergson and Popper famously divided societies into ‘open’ and ‘closed’
ones, but Western ‘openness’ is not quite as ‘open’ as we’re led to
believe. It does not extend to politicians frankly acknowledging the role
that Western foreign policy has played in aiding, directly or indirectly, the
very same terrorists who have gone on to target Western civilians. That’s a
taboo subject, even after the Manchester Arena bombings and the bomber’s
link to the MI5-‘sorted’ anti-Gaddafi LIFG, and the slaughter of tourists
on the beach in Tunisia by a man who reportedly trained at an IS camp in
neighboring ‘liberated’ Libya.
法国哲学家昂利·柏格森和奥地利哲学家卡尔·波普尔将社会分为“开放型”和“封闭型
”两种，但所谓的“开放”的西方社会并不如我们在外界引导下所认为的那样“开放”。
这种开放性不足以让政客们坦率地承认西方外交政策直接或者间接地资助了恐怖分子，而
正是这些恐怖分子把矛盾对准了西方国家的平民。西方国家对这个问题三缄其口，哪怕曼
彻斯特体育场爆炸案的袭击者已被查明与在军情五处挂了号的反格达费武装有关联，哪怕
突尼斯海滩屠杀案的凶手就来自“被解放”的邻国利比亚——他在那里接受了“伊斯兰国
”组织的训练。
There are many more subjects too that are so taboo I dare not even mention
them here. By contrast, dishonest or fact-lite narratives, such as ‘
Russiagate’, or the one that holds that the UK Labour Party, an anti-racist
party, is ‘awash with anti-Semitism’, hold sway. We CAN talk about these
and indeed some commentators talk about little else.
西方此类禁忌话题还有太多太多，其中有些我甚至不敢在本文中提及。相比之下，诸如“
通俄门”或认为反种族主义的英国工党内部“充斥着反犹主义”等不诚实或缺乏事实依据
的说法，却大行其道。这些是我们能够谈论的话题，事实上，某些评论员除了这些，其他
几乎什么也不谈。
It is the greatest of ironies that at the very same time that we are being
told how HBO’s Chernobyl exposes the rottenness of the ‘closed’ Soviet
system, a man who does believe in openness and transparency, a free press,
and government accountability, is languishing in a maximum security prison in
‘open’ London, facing a possible extradition to the US and sentences of up
to 175 years in jail. Julian Assange, whose only crime is wanting to show us
what was behind the curtain, is no less persecuted than the Soviet dissidents
about whom we heard an awful lot in the 1980s.
最大的讽刺在于，就在我们被告知HBO的《车诺比》揭露了苏联“封闭”体制的腐败的同
时，一位真正信仰开放、透明、新闻自由和政府问责制的人，却在所谓“开放”的伦敦城
里顶级戒备的监狱中受苦受难，面临可能被引渡至美国并被判处175年监禁的命运。维基
解密创始人朱利安‧阿桑奇唯一的罪行，就是想向我们展示隐藏在幕后的真相，他遭受的
迫害绝不亚于上世纪80年代我们时有耳闻的苏联异见人士。
It’s been said that if you feud with someone long enough you end up being
like them, or at least how you liked to portray them. When we think of the
old Cold War and what’s going on today, that seems to have come true.
有人说，长期斗争会使你越来越像你的宿敌，至少越来越接近对方在你描绘之下的形象。
回顾冷战，再放眼当下，这种说法似乎已经成为现实。
In its lack of transparency and openness, and the way in which lying has
become the new normal, the West is now behaving the way the Soviet Union is
supposed to have operated at the time of Chernobyl.
今天的西方国家缺乏透明度和开放性，撒谎已成为新常态，像极了当年车诺比事故发生时
它们口中的苏联。
Who, I wonder, will be the equivalent of Mikhail Gorbachev to introduce some
much-needed Western Glasnost?
我好奇的是，西方的戈巴契夫在哪里？我们迫切地需要他推出西方版的开放透明政策。
**
补充：有关齐尔考特报告 (摘自维基百科)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_Inquiry
伊拉克战争调查（英语：Iraq Inquiry），因其主席约翰·齐尔考特亦称为“齐尔考特调
查”（Chilcot Inquiry），是一个目的为调查英国在伊拉克战争扮演之角色的英国政府
调查。
……中略……
2016年7月6日，调查委员会主席约翰·齐尔考特发布调查报告，距宣布开始调查超过七年
，报告常被英文媒体称为“齐尔考特报告”（Chilcot report）。报告内容则指出 当时
萨达姆·侯赛因对英国利益并无造成迫切的威胁、英国情报部门当时并不确定伊拉克拥有大
规模杀伤性武器、英国政府当时仍未用尽战争以外和平解决的方法、英美两国削弱了联合
国安全理事会的权威、当时寻找法律依据进攻伊拉克的过程远不令人满意(far from
satisfactory)，以及于2003年并无必要发动战争。