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1.媒体来源:
外媒 interestin gengineering
2.记者署名:
Mrigakshi Dixit
3.完整新闻标题:
6.95 mm toad: World’s second-smallest vertebrate discovered in Brazil
巴西发现全世界第二小的脊椎动物，近7mm的鼻屎大蟾蜍
4.完整新闻内文:
6.95 mm toad: World’s second-smallest vertebrate discovered in Brazil
This tiny creature, a flea toad, is so small it can fit on the tip of your
finger.
6.95毫米蟾蜍：巴西发现全世界第二小的脊椎动物
这种微小的生物，跳蚤蟾蜍，很小，可以放在你的指尖上。
Updated: Oct 30, 2024 04:28 AM EST
Mrigakshi Dixit
a day ago
https://imgur.com/XeRj1uM.jpg
Researchers have discovered the world’s second-smallest vertebrate in the
Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil.
This tiny creature, a flea toad, is so small it can fit on the tip of your
finger. Interestingly, it looks smaller than some of the known ant species.
A team of scientists from the State University of Campinas in Brazil has
recently discovered this new species, named Brachycephalus dacnis.
研究人员在巴西大西洋雨林中发现了世界第二小的脊椎动物。
这种微小的生物，跳蚤蟾蜍，很小，可以放在你的指尖上。有趣的是，它看起来比一些已
知的蚂蚁种类要小。
巴西坎皮纳斯州立大学的一群科学家最近发现了这个新物种，命名为Brachycephalus
dacnis。
This flea tod measures just 6.95 millimeters in length. A separate research
team had earlier identified another species within the same genus, B. pulex,
in the southern Bahia state of Brazil. One of the individuals measured a mere
6.45 mm in length.
这只跳蚤的长度只有 6.95 毫米。一个单独的研究小组早些时候在巴西南部巴伊亚州发现
了同一属的另一个物种，B. pulex 。其中一个个体的长度仅为 6.45 毫米。
https://imgur.com/3Sat7gB.jpg
New miniature species on researcher’s palm (photo: Lucas Machado
Botelho/Projeto Dacnis)
研究人员手掌上的新微型物种（照片：Lucas Machado Botelho/Projeto Dacnis）
Miniature size
This marks the seventh species of flea toad to be described within the genus
Brachycephalus. The toad’s small size is an adaptation to its unique
environment.
Flea toads are tiny adults, measuring less than 1 cm. These toads are so tiny
that their adult size is significantly smaller than a typical human
fingernail or a 50-cent coin.
微型尺寸
这标志着短头蟾属中第七种跳蚤蟾蜍被鉴别。蟾蜍体型较小是对其独特环境的适应。
跳蚤蟾蜍是微小的成虫，尺寸不到 1 公分。这些蟾蜍非常小，成年后的大小比典型的人
类指甲或 50 美分的硬币小得多。
“There are small toads with all the characteristics of large toads except
for their size. This genus is different. During its evolution, it underwent
what we biologists call miniaturization, which involves loss, reduction
and/or fusion of bones, as well as fewer digits and absence of other parts of
their anatomy,” said Luís Felipe Toledo, corresponding author and professor
in the Institute of Biology (IB-UNICAMP).
“有些小蟾蜍除了体型不同之外，具有大蟾蜍的所有特征。这个属是不同的。在它的进化
过程中，它经历了我们生物学家所说的小型化，其中包括骨骼的损失、减少和/或融合，
以及更少的手指和其他解剖部分的缺失。 IB-UNICAMP）。
Typically, this genus of toads is primarily known for its vibrant coloration
and venomous nature, particularly species like the pumpkin toadlets. However,
recent discoveries, including the newly described B. Dennis, have shifted
researchers’ attention toward the extreme miniaturization exhibited by
certain species within this genus.
通常，这种蟾蜍主要以其鲜艳的颜色和有毒的性质而闻名，特别是像南瓜蟾蜍这样的物种
。然而，最近的发现，包括新描述的B. Dennis，已将研究人员的注意力转向该属内某些
物种所表现出的极端小型化。
Earlier studies have pointed out that pumpkin toadlets possess fewer
anatomical structures than flea toads despite their larger size. This
includes the absence of a tympanic middle ear, which results in their
inability to perceive their own vocalizations.
早期的研究指出，尽管南瓜蟾蜍体型较大，但其解剖结构却比跳蚤蟾蜍少。这包括缺乏鼓
室中耳，这导致他们无法感知自己的发声。
DNA analysis confirmed new species
The unique vocalizations of the newly described species, B. dacnis,
captivated the researchers’ attention.
The diminutive toad, with its yellowish-brown skin, resides within leaf
litter.
Despite their size, flea toads are incredibly complex creatures. It exhibits
direct development, bypassing the tadpole stage and hatching as fully formed
miniature versions of itself.
DNA分析证实新物种
新描述的物种B. dacnis的独特发声引起了研究人员的注意。
这种小型蟾蜍有着黄棕色的皮肤，生活在落叶中。
尽管跳蚤蟾蜍体型庞大，但它们是极为复杂的生物。它表现出直接发育，绕过蝌蚪阶段并
孵化为完全成型的微型版本。
DNA analysis verified that B. dacnis is a new species in the genus. It is
closely related to another yellow-brown skin toad of the same genus B.
hermogenesi.
“There may have been specimens belonging to the new species among those that
served as a basis for describing B. hermogenesi in 1998,” Toledo said.
The researchers described the new species, including its anatomy, skeletal
structure, internal organs, genetics, and vocalizations.
DNA分析证实B. dacnis是该属的新种。它与同属B. Hermogenesi的另一种黄棕色皮肤蟾蜍
密切相关。
托莱多说：“在 1998 年描述B. Hermogenesi 的基础样本中，可能存在属于新物种的样
本。”
研究人员描述了这个新物种，包括其解剖学、骨骼结构、内脏、遗传学和发声。
“The diversity of these miniature frogs may be far greater than we think.
Hence the importance of describing as many traits and features as possible,
to expedite the description process and get to work on conservation as
quickly as possible,” Toledo said in the press release.
The findings were published in the journal PeerJ Life & Environment.
“这些微型青蛙的多样性可能远远超出我们的想像。因此，尽可能多鉴别出性状和特征、
加快鉴别过程并尽快开展保护工作非常重要，”托莱多在新闻稿中说。
研究结果发表在《PeerJ Life & Environment》期刊。
5.完整新闻连结 (或短网址)不可用YAHOO、LINE、MSN等转载媒体:
https://reurl.cc/93eo0X
6.备注:
原来世界上也有打不赢蟑螂的鼻屎大蟾蜍存在诶？