这已经讨论很多次了
目前看到的现象确实是顶尖人才男性远大于女性
可惜你没提到智能障碍也是男性远大于女性
以台湾为例 男/女 智能障碍比为 1.33 到 1.37之间 (p<0.01） (1)
其他国家也是智能障碍男远大于女
如果看满级分的例子是男远大于女
但是很少人去报导身心障碍类学生人数也是男远大于女
根据行政院主计总处身心障碍类学生统计
110 学年度男、女性各为 7.7 万人（占 68.7％）及
3.5 万人（占 31.3％），
https://www.dgbas.gov.tw/public/Data/282916088VPAVQ8D.pdf
这比例又更大
目前已经有许多研究探讨为什么男性智能障碍人数远大于女
其中有一个叫做 female protective effect
文献中也有提出其他可能的因素造成智能障碍比例男多女少的现象
我就直接引用
. In term of biological factors, X-linked conditions such as
Fragile X syndrome are less often expressed in females than in males.
In addition, the central nervous system of male infant (and fetus) is more
vulnerable
to environmental influences such as maternal smoking. Furthermore,
females may have a higher threshold for reaching affectation status than
males.
1 X染色体因素 X-linked conditions
2.男婴和男性胚胎较脆弱 male infant (and fetus) is more vulnerable
3.女性比需要较多基因病变才会显现出来 females may have a higher threshold
这是已经有实验支持的假说(2)(3)(4)
有兴趣可以看以下文献
1.
Lai, D. C., Tseng, Y. C., Hou, Y. M., & Guo, H. R. (2012). Gender and
geographic differences in the prevalence of intellectual disability in
children: Analysis of data from the national disability registry of Taiwan.
Research in developmental disabilities, 33(6), 2301-2307.
2.
Robinson, E. B., Lichtenstein, P., Anckarsäter, H., Happé, F., & Ronald, A.
(2013). Examining and interpreting the female protective effect against
autistic behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(13),
5258-5262.
3.
Zhang, Y., Li, N., Li, C., Zhang, Z., Teng, H., Wang, Y., ... & Sun, Z.
(2020). Genetic evidence of gender difference in autism spectrum disorder
supports the female-protective effect. Translational psychiatry, 10(1), 1-10.
4.
Taylor, M. J., Lichtenstein, P., Larsson, H., Anckarsäter, H., Greven, C.
U., & Ronald, A. (2016). Is there a female protective effect against
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? Evidence from two representative
twin samples. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent
Psychiatry, 55(6), 504-512.