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1.媒体来源:
外媒 sciencealert
2.记者署名:
By CARLY CASSELLA
3.完整新闻标题:
New Species of Magic Mushrooms Discovered in Africa Are Unknown to Science
NATURE
非洲发现的新种迷欢菇类是科学未知的
4.完整新闻内文:
New Species of Magic Mushrooms Discovered in Africa Are Unknown to Science
NATURE
12 July 2024
By CARLY CASSELLA
P. maluti. (Cullen Clark)
Planet Earth is home to possibly hundreds of species of magic mushroom that
contain the hallucinogen, psilocybin. Systematic fieldwork surveys of the
genus, Psilocybe, however, are "entirely lacking" for many regions of the
world.
非洲发现的新种迷幻菇类是科学未知的
自然
2024 年 7 月 12 日
经过卡莉·卡塞拉
P. maluti。 （卡伦克拉克）
地球可能是数百种含有致幻剂裸盖菇素的神奇蘑菇的家。然而，世界许多地区“完全缺乏
”裸盖菌属的系统性实地调查。
Now, a new paper describes two species of magic mushroom in southern Africa
that are wholly new to science. That brings the total number of reported
Psilocybe mushrooms on the continent from just four to six.
One of the species, called Psilocybe maluti, is the first scientifically
documented magic mushroom with traditional, spiritual uses in Africa.
现在，一篇新论文描述了南部非洲的两种神奇蘑菇，这对科学来说是全新的。这使得非洲
大陆报告的裸盖菇总数从四种增加到六种。
其中一个名为Psilocybe maluti 的物种，是第一个有科学记录的、在非洲具有传统精神
用途的神奇蘑菇。
P. maluti was originally photographed in 2021 growing on cow manure in the
Free State province of South Africa. The golden caramel cap of the fruiting
body was collected by self-taught mycologist Daniella Mulder, who sent the
unusual looking specimens and some images of them to mycologist Breyten van
der Merwe from Stellenbosch University in South Africa for further
morphological and genetic analysis.
Psilocybe maluti, photographed in the Kingdom of Lesotho, 31 December 2021.
(Cullen Clark)
P. maluti最初拍摄于 2021 年，生长在南非自由州省的牛粪上。子实体的金色焦糖帽是
由我自学成才的生态学家Daniella Mulder 收集的，她将这些看起来不寻常的标本和一些
图像发送给南非斯泰伦博斯大学的真菌学家Breyten van der Merwe进行进一步的形态和
遗传学分析。
When it was determined to be a new species, another self-taught mycologist
named Cullen Clark along with scientists at Stellenbosch went searching for
other mushrooms like it. They found matching specimens in the Kingdom of
Lesotho, a landlocked nation fully surrounded by South Africa.
当它被确定为一个新物种时，另一位名叫卡伦·克拉克（Cullen Clark）的自学成才的真
菌学家与斯泰伦博斯的科学家一起寻找其他类似的蘑菇。他们在莱索托王国发现了配对的
标本，莱索托是一个被南非包围的内陆国家。
The team got in touch with Mamosebetsi Sethathi, a traditional healer of the
kingdom's most prominent ethnic group; the Basotho people. Sethathi kindly
shared their traditional uses for the fruiting bodies of P. maluti.
According to anecdotes, local Basotho healers called lingaka (plural) or
ngaka (singular) consume the conically capped mushrooms as part of spiritual
tradition. Basotho shamans, called linohe, use the mushrooms to "foresee the
future".
团队联系了 Mamosebetsi Sethathi，他是该国最著名民族的传统治疗师。巴索托人。
Sethathi 善意地分享了P. maluti子实体的传统用途。
根据轶事，当地的巴索托治疗师被称为 lingaka（复数）或 ngaka（单数），食用圆锥形
蘑菇作为精神传统的一部分。巴索托萨满巫师（称为 Linohe）使用蘑菇来“预见未来”
。
Other healers, known as ngaka-chitja, occasionally use the mushrooms in
association with their "vast knowledge of herbs and remedies" to treat
others. Along with the psychoactive plant Boophone disticha, the magic
mushrooms are steeped in a strong tea known as koae-ea-lekhoaba, which is
sometimes used in traditional medicine or hunting poison.
其他被称为 ngaka-chitja 的治疗师偶尔会结合他们“丰富的草药和疗法知识”使用蘑菇
来治疗他人。迷幻蘑菇与具有精神活性的植物 Boophone disticha 一起浸泡在一种名为
koae-ea-lekhoaba 的浓茶中，这种茶有时用于传统药物或狩猎毒药。
When a patient drinks the brew, they enter a "trance-like state" and are
placed in front of a reflective surface, so they may relay what they are
seeing to the healer. The healer then interprets the results and advises the
patient on how best to proceed.
当病人喝下啤酒时，他们会进入一种“恍惚状态”，并被放置在反射表面前，这样他们就
可以将他们所看到的内容传达给治疗师。然后治疗师解释结果并建议患者如何最好地进行
治疗。
"This appears to be the only recorded firsthand report of hallucinogenic
mushrooms being used traditionally in Africa and the first mention of
hallucinogenic mushroom use in Sub-Saharan Africa," write the Stellenbosch
University led team.
"The knowledge shared and discussed in this study has been passed down
through generations by word of mouth."
斯泰伦博斯大学领导的团队写道： “这似乎是非洲传统上使用致幻蘑菇的唯一有记录的
第一手报告，也是撒哈拉以南非洲地区首次提及致幻蘑菇的使用。”
这项研究中分享和讨论的知识已经透过口耳相传代代相传。
The other newly described species found in Africa has been named P. ingeli.
Found in 2023 by amateur mycologist Talan Moult in a coastal province of
South Africa, the fruiting bodies of this novel species were growing on grass
enriched with cow manure toward the end of the rainy season.
Psilocybe ingeli, photographed in Kwa-Zulu Natal Province, South Africa on 28
February 2023. (Talan Moult)
在非洲发现的另一个新描述的物种被命名为P. ingeli。业余真菌学家 Talan Moult 于
2023 年在南非沿海省份发现了这种新物种的子实体，雨季即将结束时，其子实体生长在
富含牛粪的草地上。
The gills are light colored and the cap is dark compared to the species'
closest genetic relative in Asia, called P. keralensis. Unlike P. maluti it
has only been found growing in this one province.
Researchers at Stellenbosch hope that their current paper will encourage
further research into southern Africa's diversity of mushrooms. The lead
authors, van der Merwe and microbiologist Karin Jacobs, say they are indebted
to self-taught mycologists who are helping to survey Africa's Psilocybe
mushrooms.
与该物种在亚洲的亲缘关系最近的喀拉拉相比，伞折呈浅色，菌盖颜色较深。与P.
maluti不同的是，它只在这一省份被发现生长。
斯泰伦博斯的研究人员希望他们目前的论文能鼓励对南部非洲蘑菇多样性的进一步研究。
主要作者范德默韦和微生物学家卡琳·雅各布斯表示，他们感谢自学成才的真菌学家帮助
调查非洲的裸盖菇。
"There are only a handful of mycologists in Africa documenting local
biodiversity," says Jacobs, who runs the lab at Stellenbosch.
"Collaborating with citizen mycologists is therefore hugely beneficial. In
addition to more material, collaboration also opens avenues for conversation
and exploration, which can lead to documenting mycophilia (the love of
mushrooms) on the African continent."
The study was published in Mycologia.
“非洲只有少数真菌学家记录当地的生物多样性，”负责斯泰伦博斯实验室的雅各布斯说
。
“因此，与公民真菌学家合作是非常有益的。除了更多的材料之外，合作还开辟了对话和
探索的途径，这可以导致记录非洲大陆的真菌癖（对蘑菇的热爱）。”
这项研究发表在《真菌学》杂志。
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