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1.媒体来源:
外媒 phys.org
2.记者署名:
by Louise Gentle, The Conversation
3.完整新闻标题:
性爱倒错！无与伦比的虫虫性生活独家公开
The fascinating sex lives of insects
4.完整新闻内文:
The fascinating sex lives of insects
by Louise Gentle, The Conversation
Some insects have detachable penises, others produce sperm that is 20 times
the size of their own body. Others have evolved with special equipment to
help them tear rivals off potential mates. Insects can be creepy, promiscuous
or murderous—but they are rarely dull.
有些昆虫有可拆卸的阴茎，有些昆虫产生的精子是自身身体的 20 倍。另一些则进化出特
殊的装备来帮助它们将竞争对手从潜在的配偶身上夺走(夫前犯/NTR)。昆虫可能令人毛骨
悚然、杂乱无章或凶残—但它们很少是沉闷的。
The stag beetle male—Europe's largest beetle has huge jaws known as antlers
designed for prising mating pairs apart. This behavior is seen in numerous
beetles, with horns of various shapes horns that have evolved to lever males
off females. The Japanese rhinocerous beetle has a horn resembling a fork.
Antlers are also used in battle to wrestle other males over access to females.
雄性锹虫是欧洲最大的甲虫，它有巨大的下巴，被称为鹿角，专门用于撬开交配对。这种
行为在许多甲虫身上都能看到，它们有各种形状的角，这些角已经进化到可以将雄性从雌
性身上撬开。日本犀牛甲虫有一个类似叉子的角。鹿角也被用来在战斗中与其他雄性争夺
接近雌性的权利。
In many of these species, smaller males don't stand a chance of winning a
fight, so instead have evolved sneaky mating tactics. They wait for males to
fight, then slink in and copulate with the female while the males are
distracted. Small male dung beetles slip past large males that guard
entrances to tunnels containing females, and dig secret passages to find the
underground females while the larger males' backs are turned.
在许多此类物种中，较小的雄性没有机会赢得战斗，因此进化出了鬼鬼祟祟的交配策略。
它们等待雄性打斗，然后趁雄性分心时潜入雌性并与之交配。小型雄性粪甲虫会溜过驻守
内有雌性粪甲虫的隧道入口的大型雄性粪甲虫，并在较大的雄性粪甲虫转身时挖掘秘密通
道以找到地下雌性粪甲虫。
Sperm competition
In addition to the physical contests between males, competition to fertilize
an egg also happens between sperm. In the animal kingdom, females are rarely
faithful to their mates, so there is probably sperm from a number of males
inside a female reproductive tract. Males have evolved several ways to
counter this, such as producing large sperm. Fruit fly sperm, is almost 6cm
long when uncoiled, around 20 times the size of the fly.
精子竞赛
除了雄性之间的体力较量外，精子之间也发生著让卵子受精的竞争。在动物王国中，雌性
很少对配偶忠诚，因此雌性生殖道内可能有许多雄性的精子。雄性进化出了多种方法来应
对这个问题，例如产生大精子。果蝇精子展开时几乎有6公分长，大约是果蝇大小的20倍
。(顶到喉)
But, perhaps the most extraordinary method to win the sperm competition is
seen in the odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) who have evolved ornate
penises. These come complete with hooks and whips, to dislodge the sperm of
rival males and pack the male's own sperm into the far corners of the female
reproductive tract, away from other male penises.
但是，也许赢得精子竞争的最非凡的方法是在蜻蜓目（蜻蜓和豆娘）身上看到的，它们进
化出了华丽的阴茎。它们配有钩子和鞭子，可以驱逐竞争对手的精子，并将雄性自己的精
子塞入雌性生殖道的远角，远离其他雄性阴茎。
And it's not just the males that have elaborate penises. The female cave
insects of Brazil compete for access to males. The insects have sex-reversed
genitalia, where the males have an opening and the females have a spiky
erectile organ. The female uses her "penis" to suck sperm out of the male,
and she can even decide which of two chambers in her body to store the sperm
in. It is thought that this behavior evolved as an adaptation to a limited
food supply as the females gain energy from feasting on the seminal fluid
acquired during copulation, which can last up to 70 hours.
拥有精致阴茎的不仅是雄性。巴西的雌性洞穴昆虫为了接近雄性而竞争。这些昆虫的生殖
器是性别逆转的，雄性有一个开口，雌性有一个尖刺的勃起器官。雌性用她的“阴茎”从
雄性体内吸出精子，她甚至可以决定将精子储存在体内的两个腔室中的哪一个。人们认为
，这种行为是为了适应有限的食物供应而进化的，因为雌性透过在交配过程中获取精液来
获取能量，交配过程可以持续长达 70 小时。(吞精马拉松)
Butterflies only live for a few weeks, so if males are going to father any
offspring, they can't hang around. Except, some do. Many butterflies are
sexually mature as soon as they emerge from their chrysalis. So, in some
species the males emerge a few days before the females, then sit and wait,
copulating with the females as soon as possible.
蝴蝶的寿命只有几周，所以如果雄性蝴蝶要生育后代，它们就不能闲逛。除了，有些人会
这样做。许多蝴蝶一从蛹中出来就性成熟。因此，在某些物种中，雄性比雌性早几天出现
，然后坐下来等待，尽快与雌性交配。
More disturbing behavior is seen in the bed bug. Males simply pierce a
female's abdomen then inject sperm through the wound into her abdominal
cavity. As insects have an open circulatory system without arteries and
veins, the sperm can easily migrate from the abdominal cavity to the ovaries
for fertilization.
更令人不安的行为是臭虫。雄性只需刺穿雌性的腹部，然后将精子透过伤口注入腹腔。由
于昆虫有开放的循环系统，没有动脉和静脉，精子可以轻易地从腹腔迁移到卵巢进行受精
。(穿刺腹击交)
Sexual cannibalism
Probably the most famous of the insect sexual behavior is that of the praying
mantis, where the female bites the head off her partner during or after sex,
gaining nutrients for herself and her offspring. This behavior increases the
number of eggs that males fertilize. Recently, scientists found that males
also attack females. They don't eat the females although they sometimes
seriously injure them. Males that won fights with females were more likely to
go on to mate rather than just get eaten.
性同类相食
昆虫中最著名的性行为可能是螳螂的性行为，雌性在性行为期间或之后咬掉伴侣的头，为
自己和后代获取营养。这种行为增加了雄性受精卵的数量。最近，科学家发现雄性也会攻
击雌性。尽管有时会严重伤害雌性，但它们并不吃掉雌性。与雌性打架获胜的雄性更有可
能继续交配，而不仅仅是被吃掉。
Chastity belts
Many male insects only get to mate once, even when they aren't eaten by their
partners. For example, male bees ejaculate with such explosive force that it
is loud enough for humans to hear. This ensures the sperm is passed to the
female, but it results in paralysis of the male, which kills him. So, males
need to make the most of their exploits.
贞操带
许多雄性昆虫只能交配一次，即使它们没有被伴侣吃掉。例如，雄蜂射精时的爆炸力足以
让人类听到。这确保了精子被传递给雌性，但它会导致雄性瘫痪，从而杀死他。因此，男
性需要充分利用自己的功绩。
One way of preventing other males from mating with a female is to produce a
copulatory plug—something that will prevent a different male from inserting
his sperm inside a female to fertilize her eggs. The European dwarf spider
produces a plug by secreting a liquid during copulation that hardens over
time. Researchers have found that longer copulations result in larger plugs
which are more difficult for other males to remove.
阻止其他雄性与雌性交配的一种方法是产生交配塞，这将阻止其他雄性将其精子插入雌性
体内以使卵子受精。欧洲矮蜘蛛在交配过程中分泌一种液体，随着时间的推移，这种液体
会变硬，产生一个插头。研究人员发现，较长的交配时间会导致较大的插头，而其他雄性
则更难移除。
In order to ensure that nobody else mates with his female once he is dead,
the male orb-web spider has evolved an extreme copulatory plug. He has a
detachable penis that remains inside the female once copulation is over.
Although it is common for the tip of a spider's penis to break off inside a
female, preventing other males from entering, the orb-web spider's detachable
penis has an additional function as it continues to transfer sperm on its own
—for over 20 minutes—increasing mating success.
So you see, insects are, in fact, amazing.
为了确保雌性死后没有其他人与其交配，雄性圆网蜘蛛进化出了一种极端的交配插头。他
有一个可拆卸的阴茎，交配结束后仍留在雌性体内。虽然蜘蛛的阴茎尖端在雌性体内折断
是很常见的，从而阻止其他雄性进入，但球网蜘蛛的可拆卸阴茎还有一个额外的功能，因
为它可以继续自行转移精子—持续 20 多分钟—增加交配成功率。
所以你看，昆虫其实是令人惊奇的。
5.完整新闻连结 (或短网址)不可用YAHOO、LINE、MSN等转载媒体:
https://phys.org/news/2024-06-fascinating-sex-insects.html
6.备注:
也难怪蝉这个选择偶尔会出现投胎潮了
https://imgur.com/51vOq1g.jpg
https://imgur.com/riILRv8.jpg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lxMeinG6uLU
甲虫知识客座讲师：【桃铃ねね】
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gX2PXAc8qBc